24.1 Population &communities 23/2/26
Ariel monitoring of large species :
• using helicopters , drones , to track large species in areas that are usually
unreachable, places of high altitude. Incorporated with thermal monitors
Tagging species:
• physically putting a tag on the animal and tracking it’s habit, usually with
things under water can track sound they make , gps, e.g sharks
Lincoln index :
•• formula used to measure small animals in a large population. You go
and catch a bunch of random animals and mark them . Wait a couple day
and catch another random animal . Put it in a formula to figure out the total
population
Random transect survey:
•• Mark across grid, randomly select coordinate to sample , temperature ,
humidity , pH
Systematic sampling :
•• have this as before but you have it every 5 meters, you have a set
distance
Pooters :
Used to collect small insects, both tube has net in the back of the tube to collect
insect.
Pit fall trap: you build a trap in a large area and let it crawl in and study it
afterwards
, -
Speciation
I
species smallest Reproductive barrier
gene flow
prevent
leading to accumulation of
genetic
population difference between
organism
difference
community +large evolve a new
species
Referredto be
Ecosystem +
speciation
Biome
Biosphere - Largest
Geographic isolation separation of species due to
geographic
location
Behavourial isolation:
Separation of
species due to different
mating
ritual
difference of
Temporal isolation:
Separation
time scale
of
species
due to
Estimating size of
population Reasons:
Health An
-Ecological of area
conservation effort
+Direct
+
Asses conservation effort
-Impactof human
activity
Technique
↳ ling
Random:unbiasedselection with fix amount
of
systematic: every
equal chances
being chosen
chosen
convenience:what is easy, often biased cluster
·population divided into
& cluster than chosen at
easy
Random
Ariel monitoring of large species :
• using helicopters , drones , to track large species in areas that are usually
unreachable, places of high altitude. Incorporated with thermal monitors
Tagging species:
• physically putting a tag on the animal and tracking it’s habit, usually with
things under water can track sound they make , gps, e.g sharks
Lincoln index :
•• formula used to measure small animals in a large population. You go
and catch a bunch of random animals and mark them . Wait a couple day
and catch another random animal . Put it in a formula to figure out the total
population
Random transect survey:
•• Mark across grid, randomly select coordinate to sample , temperature ,
humidity , pH
Systematic sampling :
•• have this as before but you have it every 5 meters, you have a set
distance
Pooters :
Used to collect small insects, both tube has net in the back of the tube to collect
insect.
Pit fall trap: you build a trap in a large area and let it crawl in and study it
afterwards
, -
Speciation
I
species smallest Reproductive barrier
gene flow
prevent
leading to accumulation of
genetic
population difference between
organism
difference
community +large evolve a new
species
Referredto be
Ecosystem +
speciation
Biome
Biosphere - Largest
Geographic isolation separation of species due to
geographic
location
Behavourial isolation:
Separation of
species due to different
mating
ritual
difference of
Temporal isolation:
Separation
time scale
of
species
due to
Estimating size of
population Reasons:
Health An
-Ecological of area
conservation effort
+Direct
+
Asses conservation effort
-Impactof human
activity
Technique
↳ ling
Random:unbiasedselection with fix amount
of
systematic: every
equal chances
being chosen
chosen
convenience:what is easy, often biased cluster
·population divided into
& cluster than chosen at
easy
Random
