, TESTBANK FOR Financial Management Core
Concepts, 5th edition Raymond Brooks
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel sheet
if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make update
at every time. There are many new editions
waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file You
can contact us at every time, we can replace it
with true one.
Our email:
,Financial Management: Core Concepts, 5e (Brooks)
Chapter 1 Financial Management
1.1 The Cycle of Money
1) At its most basic level, the function of financial intermediaries is to ________.
A) track and report interest rates
B) move money from lenders to borrowers and back again
C) report all financial transactions to the federal government
D) effect a transfer of wealth in society
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.1 The Cycle of Money
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.1 Describe the cycle of money, the participants in the cycle, and the common objective
of borrowing and lending.
2) Which of the following is NOT an example of a financial transaction?
A) Your parents use their credit card to pay for your current term's college tuition.
B) You use the ATM at Heathrow airport in London to withdraw British pounds.
C) Your roommate lends you $20 and you repay it in one week.
D) All of the above are financial transactions.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: 1.1 The Cycle of Money
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.1 Describe the cycle of money, the participants in the cycle, and the common objective
of borrowing and lending.
3) The movement of money from lender to borrower and back again is known as ________.
A) the circle of life
B) corporate finance
C) the cycle of money
D) money laundering
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.1 The Cycle of Money
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.1 Describe the cycle of money, the participants in the cycle, and the common objective
of borrowing and lending.
Hmwrk Questions: * Taken from "Prepping for Exams" questions at the end of the chapter.
1
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,4) The common objective of borrowing and lending is to ________.
A) make all parties better off
B) gain a profit at the other's expense
C) make a firm or individual appear more liquid than is really the case
D) thwart regulatory authority
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.1 The Cycle of Money
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.1 Describe the cycle of money, the participants in the cycle, and the common objective
of borrowing and lending.
5) Which of the following is NOT a function of a financial intermediary in the
lending/borrowing process?
A) To help establish terms of the lending/borrowing agreement
B) To match the borrower and the lender
C) To bear the risk that the lender will not repay
D) To bear the risk that the borrower will not repay
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.1 The Cycle of Money
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.1 Describe the cycle of money, the participants in the cycle, and the common objective
of borrowing and lending.
6) Professor Gaston, your History teacher, borrows money at a rate of 6% per year from the
Valley State Bank for a tuition loan for her son. You have $1,200 deposited into your checking
account at the same bank earning a rate of 0.5% per year. Which of the following statements is
TRUE?
A) The bank is criminally liable to you for paying an interest rate lower than the expected rate of
inflation.
B) You and your professor have an obvious conflict of interest because you have accounts at the
same financial institution.
C) You benefit from earning interest on your deposit, safety for your funds, and having a
recognizable means for paying for your financial obligations without having to hold cash.
D) Your professor is the only party to be made worse off by this example because she is the only
party paying net interest.
Answer: C
Explanation: Both you and your professor are using services typically provided by banks. There
is no conflict of interest.
Diff: 2
Topic: 1.1 The Cycle of Money
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.1 Describe the cycle of money, the participants in the cycle, and the common objective
of borrowing and lending.
2
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,7) The basic function of financial intermediaries is to move advice from lenders to borrowers and
back to lenders.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The basic function of financial intermediaries is to move MONEY from lenders to
borrowers and back to lenders.
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.1 The Cycle of Money
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.1 Describe the cycle of money, the participants in the cycle, and the common objective
of borrowing and lending.
8) In the lending/borrowing process, a financial intermediary function is to bear the risk that the
borrower will not repay.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.1 The Cycle of Money
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.1 Describe the cycle of money, the participants in the cycle, and the common objective
of borrowing and lending.
9) All financial transactions have a buyer and a seller.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.1 The Cycle of Money
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.1 Describe the cycle of money, the participants in the cycle, and the common objective
of borrowing and lending.
10) Give three examples of a financial transaction.
Answer:
(1) Your parents use their credit card to pay some of your college expenses.
(2) You use the ATM to withdraw funds so you can buy your best friend a birthday gift.
(3) Your roommate lends you $20 and you repay it when you get your next pay check.
Diff: 2
Topic: 1.1 The Cycle of Money
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.1 Describe the cycle of money, the participants in the cycle, and the common objective
of borrowing and lending.
3
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
1) Which of the following best identifies the four main areas of finance?
A) Exchange rate management, investments, financial institutions and markets, international
finance
B) Corporate finance, investments, capital structure, international finance
C) Corporate finance, investments, financial institutions and markets, international finance
D) Corporate finance, capital budgeting, financial institutions and markets, regulation
Answer: C
Explanation: Exchange rate management, capital structure, and capital budgeting are activities
within the functional areas of finance.
Diff: 2
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
2) Of the following, which is NOT one of the four main areas of finance?
A) International finance
B) Corporate finance
C) Investments
D) Working capital management
Answer: D
Explanation: WCM is a primary function of corporate finance.
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
3) The set of financial activities that support the OPERATIONS of a business is best described
by which main area of finance?
A) Corporate finance
B) Investments
C) Financial institutions and markets
D) International finance
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
4
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,4) ________ is the area of finance concerned with activities such as borrowing funds to finance
long-term projects. For example, plant expansions or new product launches.
A) Working capital management
B) International finance
C) Investments
D) Corporate finance
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
5) ________ is the area of finance concerned with activities such as repayment of borrowed
funds through dividends or interest payments.
A) Investments
B) Corporate finance
C) Capital budgeting
D) International finance
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
6) ________ is the area of finance concerned with the activities of buying and selling financial
assets such as stocks and bonds.
A) Investments
B) Corporate finance
C) International finance
D) Financial markets and institutions
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
Hmwrk Questions: * Taken from "Prepping for Exams" questions at the end of the chapter.
5
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,7) Which of the following is NOT typically thought of as an investment activity?
A) Accurately pricing financial assets
B) The process of buying and selling financial assets
C) Repaying borrowed funds
D) Negotiating the rules and regulations of financial transactions
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
8) "The organized financial intermediaries and the forums that promote the cycle of money" is a
good definition of which of the following main areas of finance?
A) Corporate finance
B) Investments
C) Financial institutions and markets
D) International finance
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
9) Financial institutions and markets ________.
A) are the organized financial intermediaries and the forums that promote the cycle of money
B) compose the set of financial activities that support the operations of a business
C) are the activities centered on the purchase and sale of financial assets
D) are concerned only with the addition of a multinational element to all finance activities
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
6
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,10) Of the following, which is NOT an example of a financial intermediary?
A) Commercial bank
B) Insurance company
C) Investment bank
D) All of the above are financial intermediaries.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
11) Of the following, which is NOT an activity engaged in by a financial intermediary?
A) Matching borrowers and lenders
B) Bearing risk
C) Managing retirement portfolios for large classes of employees
D) Enforcement of regulations including the application of fines for financial violations
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
12) "Concern with the multinational elements of financial activities" best describes which of the
four main areas of finance?
A) Investments
B) International finance
C) Corporate finance
D) Financial institutions and markets
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
7
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
, 13) Which of the following is a reason why expertise in international finance is important?
A) The process of assessing risk among many countries is more difficult than assessing risk for a
single country.
B) Financial regulatory rules and requirements differ from country to country.
C) Changes in economic conditions impact the relative values of currency among countries.
D) All of the above are reasons for gaining expertise in international finance.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
14) Which of the following is NOT an activity of a financial institution or market?
A) Bringing together buyers and sellers of financial assets
B) Providing a market for the transaction of financial assets
C) Providing information to buyers and/or sellers of financial assets
D) All are activities of financial institutions.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
15) Financial markets and institutions is the set of activities generally concerned with the buying
and selling of financial assets such as stocks and bonds.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Investments are the set of activities generally concerned with the buying and
selling of financial assets such as stocks and bonds.
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
16) Financial institutions and markets are the organized financial intermediaries and the forums
that promote the cycle of money.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
8
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
Concepts, 5th edition Raymond Brooks
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel sheet
if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make update
at every time. There are many new editions
waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file You
can contact us at every time, we can replace it
with true one.
Our email:
,Financial Management: Core Concepts, 5e (Brooks)
Chapter 1 Financial Management
1.1 The Cycle of Money
1) At its most basic level, the function of financial intermediaries is to ________.
A) track and report interest rates
B) move money from lenders to borrowers and back again
C) report all financial transactions to the federal government
D) effect a transfer of wealth in society
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.1 The Cycle of Money
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.1 Describe the cycle of money, the participants in the cycle, and the common objective
of borrowing and lending.
2) Which of the following is NOT an example of a financial transaction?
A) Your parents use their credit card to pay for your current term's college tuition.
B) You use the ATM at Heathrow airport in London to withdraw British pounds.
C) Your roommate lends you $20 and you repay it in one week.
D) All of the above are financial transactions.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: 1.1 The Cycle of Money
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.1 Describe the cycle of money, the participants in the cycle, and the common objective
of borrowing and lending.
3) The movement of money from lender to borrower and back again is known as ________.
A) the circle of life
B) corporate finance
C) the cycle of money
D) money laundering
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.1 The Cycle of Money
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.1 Describe the cycle of money, the participants in the cycle, and the common objective
of borrowing and lending.
Hmwrk Questions: * Taken from "Prepping for Exams" questions at the end of the chapter.
1
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,4) The common objective of borrowing and lending is to ________.
A) make all parties better off
B) gain a profit at the other's expense
C) make a firm or individual appear more liquid than is really the case
D) thwart regulatory authority
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.1 The Cycle of Money
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.1 Describe the cycle of money, the participants in the cycle, and the common objective
of borrowing and lending.
5) Which of the following is NOT a function of a financial intermediary in the
lending/borrowing process?
A) To help establish terms of the lending/borrowing agreement
B) To match the borrower and the lender
C) To bear the risk that the lender will not repay
D) To bear the risk that the borrower will not repay
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.1 The Cycle of Money
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.1 Describe the cycle of money, the participants in the cycle, and the common objective
of borrowing and lending.
6) Professor Gaston, your History teacher, borrows money at a rate of 6% per year from the
Valley State Bank for a tuition loan for her son. You have $1,200 deposited into your checking
account at the same bank earning a rate of 0.5% per year. Which of the following statements is
TRUE?
A) The bank is criminally liable to you for paying an interest rate lower than the expected rate of
inflation.
B) You and your professor have an obvious conflict of interest because you have accounts at the
same financial institution.
C) You benefit from earning interest on your deposit, safety for your funds, and having a
recognizable means for paying for your financial obligations without having to hold cash.
D) Your professor is the only party to be made worse off by this example because she is the only
party paying net interest.
Answer: C
Explanation: Both you and your professor are using services typically provided by banks. There
is no conflict of interest.
Diff: 2
Topic: 1.1 The Cycle of Money
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.1 Describe the cycle of money, the participants in the cycle, and the common objective
of borrowing and lending.
2
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,7) The basic function of financial intermediaries is to move advice from lenders to borrowers and
back to lenders.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The basic function of financial intermediaries is to move MONEY from lenders to
borrowers and back to lenders.
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.1 The Cycle of Money
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.1 Describe the cycle of money, the participants in the cycle, and the common objective
of borrowing and lending.
8) In the lending/borrowing process, a financial intermediary function is to bear the risk that the
borrower will not repay.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.1 The Cycle of Money
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.1 Describe the cycle of money, the participants in the cycle, and the common objective
of borrowing and lending.
9) All financial transactions have a buyer and a seller.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.1 The Cycle of Money
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.1 Describe the cycle of money, the participants in the cycle, and the common objective
of borrowing and lending.
10) Give three examples of a financial transaction.
Answer:
(1) Your parents use their credit card to pay some of your college expenses.
(2) You use the ATM to withdraw funds so you can buy your best friend a birthday gift.
(3) Your roommate lends you $20 and you repay it when you get your next pay check.
Diff: 2
Topic: 1.1 The Cycle of Money
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.1 Describe the cycle of money, the participants in the cycle, and the common objective
of borrowing and lending.
3
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
1) Which of the following best identifies the four main areas of finance?
A) Exchange rate management, investments, financial institutions and markets, international
finance
B) Corporate finance, investments, capital structure, international finance
C) Corporate finance, investments, financial institutions and markets, international finance
D) Corporate finance, capital budgeting, financial institutions and markets, regulation
Answer: C
Explanation: Exchange rate management, capital structure, and capital budgeting are activities
within the functional areas of finance.
Diff: 2
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
2) Of the following, which is NOT one of the four main areas of finance?
A) International finance
B) Corporate finance
C) Investments
D) Working capital management
Answer: D
Explanation: WCM is a primary function of corporate finance.
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
3) The set of financial activities that support the OPERATIONS of a business is best described
by which main area of finance?
A) Corporate finance
B) Investments
C) Financial institutions and markets
D) International finance
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
4
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,4) ________ is the area of finance concerned with activities such as borrowing funds to finance
long-term projects. For example, plant expansions or new product launches.
A) Working capital management
B) International finance
C) Investments
D) Corporate finance
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
5) ________ is the area of finance concerned with activities such as repayment of borrowed
funds through dividends or interest payments.
A) Investments
B) Corporate finance
C) Capital budgeting
D) International finance
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
6) ________ is the area of finance concerned with the activities of buying and selling financial
assets such as stocks and bonds.
A) Investments
B) Corporate finance
C) International finance
D) Financial markets and institutions
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
Hmwrk Questions: * Taken from "Prepping for Exams" questions at the end of the chapter.
5
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,7) Which of the following is NOT typically thought of as an investment activity?
A) Accurately pricing financial assets
B) The process of buying and selling financial assets
C) Repaying borrowed funds
D) Negotiating the rules and regulations of financial transactions
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
8) "The organized financial intermediaries and the forums that promote the cycle of money" is a
good definition of which of the following main areas of finance?
A) Corporate finance
B) Investments
C) Financial institutions and markets
D) International finance
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
9) Financial institutions and markets ________.
A) are the organized financial intermediaries and the forums that promote the cycle of money
B) compose the set of financial activities that support the operations of a business
C) are the activities centered on the purchase and sale of financial assets
D) are concerned only with the addition of a multinational element to all finance activities
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
6
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,10) Of the following, which is NOT an example of a financial intermediary?
A) Commercial bank
B) Insurance company
C) Investment bank
D) All of the above are financial intermediaries.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
11) Of the following, which is NOT an activity engaged in by a financial intermediary?
A) Matching borrowers and lenders
B) Bearing risk
C) Managing retirement portfolios for large classes of employees
D) Enforcement of regulations including the application of fines for financial violations
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
12) "Concern with the multinational elements of financial activities" best describes which of the
four main areas of finance?
A) Investments
B) International finance
C) Corporate finance
D) Financial institutions and markets
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
7
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
, 13) Which of the following is a reason why expertise in international finance is important?
A) The process of assessing risk among many countries is more difficult than assessing risk for a
single country.
B) Financial regulatory rules and requirements differ from country to country.
C) Changes in economic conditions impact the relative values of currency among countries.
D) All of the above are reasons for gaining expertise in international finance.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
14) Which of the following is NOT an activity of a financial institution or market?
A) Bringing together buyers and sellers of financial assets
B) Providing a market for the transaction of financial assets
C) Providing information to buyers and/or sellers of financial assets
D) All are activities of financial institutions.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
15) Financial markets and institutions is the set of activities generally concerned with the buying
and selling of financial assets such as stocks and bonds.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Investments are the set of activities generally concerned with the buying and
selling of financial assets such as stocks and bonds.
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
16) Financial institutions and markets are the organized financial intermediaries and the forums
that promote the cycle of money.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 1.2 Overview of Finance Areas
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
LO: 1.2 Distinguish the four main areas of finance and briefly explain the financial activities
that each encompasses.
8
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
