1|Page
ECPI NUR 164 CHAPTERS 1-7 ACTUAL
EXAM PREP 2026 ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY
A GRADED WITH EXPERT FEEDBACK
|NEW AND REVISED
1. A nurse is reviewing the historical foundations of the profession with
a group of nursing students. The instructor asks the students to identify
which individual is credited as the founder of modern nursing for
establishing the first training school for nurses and dramatically
improving unsanitary conditions during the Crimean War.
A. Clara Barton
B. Florence Nightingale
C. Dorothea Dix
D. Lillian Wald
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is recognized as the founder of modern
nursing for her work as a reformer, statistician, and educator who
established the first scientifically based nursing school at St. Thomas‘s
Hospital in London and dramatically reduced mortality rates during the
Crimean War through sanitation reforms. Clara Barton (A) founded the
American Red Cross. Dorothea Dix (C) was a reformer of treatment for
the mentally ill. Lillian Wald (D) established public health nursing and
the Henry Street Settlement.
2. A nursing student is presenting a report on influential women in
nursing history. Which nursing leader is CORRECTLY matched with
her historical contribution?
A. Harriet Tubman — Founder of the American Red Cross
B. Mary Breckenridge — Frontier nursing and establishment of
nurse-midwifery in the United States
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C. Sojourner Truth — Public health nursing and the Henry Street
Settlement
D. Clara Barton — Active in the Underground Railroad
Rationale: Mary Breckenridge established the Frontier Nursing Service
in Kentucky, bringing nurse-midwifery to rural America and providing
accessible healthcare to underserved populations. Harriet Tubman was
active in the Underground Railroad (A). Lillian Wald established the
Henry Street Settlement for public health nursing (C). Clara Barton
founded the American Red Cross (D).
3. A nurse educator is discussing the evolution of nursing knowledge.
The educator asks the students to differentiate among types of
knowledge. Which statement accurately describes authoritative
knowledge?
A. Knowledge passed from one generation to the next through oral
traditions and storytelling
B. Knowledge that comes from an expert, has the status of expertise,
and is accepted as truth by those who rely on that expertise
C. Knowledge obtained through the scientific method, including
systematic research and empirical data collection
D. Knowledge based solely on personal opinions and intuition without
external validation
Rationale: Authoritative knowledge originates from individuals
recognized as experts in their field, such as a master clinician,
researcher, or experienced practitioner, and is accepted as reliable
based on that expertise. Traditional knowledge (A) is passed down
intergenerationally. Scientific knowledge (C) is obtained through
structured inquiry and empirical methods. Intuition-based knowledge
(D) lacks the evidentiary foundation of authoritative or scientific
knowledge.
4. A nurse researcher is planning a study to measure the effectiveness of
a new pressure ulcer prevention protocol. The researcher intends to
collect numerical data, test hypotheses, and analyze the results
,3|Page
statistically. This research approach is best described as:
A. Qualitative research, because it focuses on lived experiences and
meaning
B. Quantitative research, because it involves systematic empirical
investigation, measurable variables, and statistical analysis
C. Historical research, because it examines events of the past
D. Phenomenological research, because it explores subjective human
experiences
Rationale: Quantitative research uses numerical data, statistical
analysis, and hypothesis testing to examine relationships between
variables and establish cause-and-effect relationships. Qualitative
research (A) explores meaning, experiences, and perceptions through
narrative data. Historical research (C) examines past events.
Phenomenology (D) is a specific qualitative approach focusing on lived
experiences. The steps described—state the problem, define the purpose,
review literature, formulate hypotheses, select design, select sample,
collect data, analyze data, and communicate findings—are the hallmark
of rigorous quantitative research.
5. A nurse on a medical-surgical unit is caring for an older adult patient
following a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). The nurse notes that the
patient has a permanent left-sided weakness and requires assistance with
activities of daily living. The patient‘s condition has persisted for six
months with no expected full recovery. How should the nurse classify
this patient’s illness?
A. Acute illness
B. Chronic illness
C. Terminal illness
D. Infectious illness
Rationale: Chronic illness is characterized by irreversible changes,
permanent physical impairment, and the need for long-term health care
and rehabilitation. Acute illness (A) has rapid onset and short duration.
Terminal illness (C) is expected to lead to death. Infectious illness (D) is
, 4|Page
caused by pathogenic microorganisms. The patient‘s persistent deficits,
irreversibility, and extended duration of six months clearly indicate a
chronic condition.
6. A nurse is caring for a patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
mellitus. The patient states, “I understand I have diabetes, but I’m not
sure I can manage the diet and insulin injections at home.” According to
the stages of illness behavior, this patient is in which stage?
A. Stage 1: Experiencing symptoms
B. Stage 2: Assuming the sick role
C. Stage 3: Assuming a dependent role
D. Stage 4: Achieving recovery and rehabilitation
*Rationale: In the assuming a dependent role stage, the patient accepts
the diagnosis, seeks and accepts professional help, and becomes
dependent on healthcare providers for treatment decisions. Stage 1 (A)
involves recognizing symptoms. Stage 2 (B) involves acknowledging
illness and seeking validation. Stage 4 (D) involves relinquishing the
dependent role and resuming normal activities. This patient’s
acknowledgment of the diagnosis coupled with expressed concern about
self-management indicates the dependent role phase.*
7. A community health nurse is planning a cancer screening event at a
local church. The nurse‘s goal is to identify breast cancer in its earliest
stages before symptoms develop. This intervention is an example of
which level of prevention?
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Quaternary prevention
Rationale: Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and
screening to identify disease in its earliest stages when treatment is most
effective, such as mammograms, Pap smears, and colonoscopies.
Primary prevention (A) aims to prevent disease before it occurs through
health promotion and risk reduction (e.g., immunizations, smoking
ECPI NUR 164 CHAPTERS 1-7 ACTUAL
EXAM PREP 2026 ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY
A GRADED WITH EXPERT FEEDBACK
|NEW AND REVISED
1. A nurse is reviewing the historical foundations of the profession with
a group of nursing students. The instructor asks the students to identify
which individual is credited as the founder of modern nursing for
establishing the first training school for nurses and dramatically
improving unsanitary conditions during the Crimean War.
A. Clara Barton
B. Florence Nightingale
C. Dorothea Dix
D. Lillian Wald
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is recognized as the founder of modern
nursing for her work as a reformer, statistician, and educator who
established the first scientifically based nursing school at St. Thomas‘s
Hospital in London and dramatically reduced mortality rates during the
Crimean War through sanitation reforms. Clara Barton (A) founded the
American Red Cross. Dorothea Dix (C) was a reformer of treatment for
the mentally ill. Lillian Wald (D) established public health nursing and
the Henry Street Settlement.
2. A nursing student is presenting a report on influential women in
nursing history. Which nursing leader is CORRECTLY matched with
her historical contribution?
A. Harriet Tubman — Founder of the American Red Cross
B. Mary Breckenridge — Frontier nursing and establishment of
nurse-midwifery in the United States
,2|Page
C. Sojourner Truth — Public health nursing and the Henry Street
Settlement
D. Clara Barton — Active in the Underground Railroad
Rationale: Mary Breckenridge established the Frontier Nursing Service
in Kentucky, bringing nurse-midwifery to rural America and providing
accessible healthcare to underserved populations. Harriet Tubman was
active in the Underground Railroad (A). Lillian Wald established the
Henry Street Settlement for public health nursing (C). Clara Barton
founded the American Red Cross (D).
3. A nurse educator is discussing the evolution of nursing knowledge.
The educator asks the students to differentiate among types of
knowledge. Which statement accurately describes authoritative
knowledge?
A. Knowledge passed from one generation to the next through oral
traditions and storytelling
B. Knowledge that comes from an expert, has the status of expertise,
and is accepted as truth by those who rely on that expertise
C. Knowledge obtained through the scientific method, including
systematic research and empirical data collection
D. Knowledge based solely on personal opinions and intuition without
external validation
Rationale: Authoritative knowledge originates from individuals
recognized as experts in their field, such as a master clinician,
researcher, or experienced practitioner, and is accepted as reliable
based on that expertise. Traditional knowledge (A) is passed down
intergenerationally. Scientific knowledge (C) is obtained through
structured inquiry and empirical methods. Intuition-based knowledge
(D) lacks the evidentiary foundation of authoritative or scientific
knowledge.
4. A nurse researcher is planning a study to measure the effectiveness of
a new pressure ulcer prevention protocol. The researcher intends to
collect numerical data, test hypotheses, and analyze the results
,3|Page
statistically. This research approach is best described as:
A. Qualitative research, because it focuses on lived experiences and
meaning
B. Quantitative research, because it involves systematic empirical
investigation, measurable variables, and statistical analysis
C. Historical research, because it examines events of the past
D. Phenomenological research, because it explores subjective human
experiences
Rationale: Quantitative research uses numerical data, statistical
analysis, and hypothesis testing to examine relationships between
variables and establish cause-and-effect relationships. Qualitative
research (A) explores meaning, experiences, and perceptions through
narrative data. Historical research (C) examines past events.
Phenomenology (D) is a specific qualitative approach focusing on lived
experiences. The steps described—state the problem, define the purpose,
review literature, formulate hypotheses, select design, select sample,
collect data, analyze data, and communicate findings—are the hallmark
of rigorous quantitative research.
5. A nurse on a medical-surgical unit is caring for an older adult patient
following a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). The nurse notes that the
patient has a permanent left-sided weakness and requires assistance with
activities of daily living. The patient‘s condition has persisted for six
months with no expected full recovery. How should the nurse classify
this patient’s illness?
A. Acute illness
B. Chronic illness
C. Terminal illness
D. Infectious illness
Rationale: Chronic illness is characterized by irreversible changes,
permanent physical impairment, and the need for long-term health care
and rehabilitation. Acute illness (A) has rapid onset and short duration.
Terminal illness (C) is expected to lead to death. Infectious illness (D) is
, 4|Page
caused by pathogenic microorganisms. The patient‘s persistent deficits,
irreversibility, and extended duration of six months clearly indicate a
chronic condition.
6. A nurse is caring for a patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
mellitus. The patient states, “I understand I have diabetes, but I’m not
sure I can manage the diet and insulin injections at home.” According to
the stages of illness behavior, this patient is in which stage?
A. Stage 1: Experiencing symptoms
B. Stage 2: Assuming the sick role
C. Stage 3: Assuming a dependent role
D. Stage 4: Achieving recovery and rehabilitation
*Rationale: In the assuming a dependent role stage, the patient accepts
the diagnosis, seeks and accepts professional help, and becomes
dependent on healthcare providers for treatment decisions. Stage 1 (A)
involves recognizing symptoms. Stage 2 (B) involves acknowledging
illness and seeking validation. Stage 4 (D) involves relinquishing the
dependent role and resuming normal activities. This patient’s
acknowledgment of the diagnosis coupled with expressed concern about
self-management indicates the dependent role phase.*
7. A community health nurse is planning a cancer screening event at a
local church. The nurse‘s goal is to identify breast cancer in its earliest
stages before symptoms develop. This intervention is an example of
which level of prevention?
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Quaternary prevention
Rationale: Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and
screening to identify disease in its earliest stages when treatment is most
effective, such as mammograms, Pap smears, and colonoscopies.
Primary prevention (A) aims to prevent disease before it occurs through
health promotion and risk reduction (e.g., immunizations, smoking
