EPALS Exam | Complete Study Guide with
Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct |
Grade A+
Paediatric airway differences
- airway narrower
- head larger so flexes on neck can cause partial obstruction
- small mouth but large tongue
- nasal breather up to 6 months
- higher larynx (creates sharp angle)
Paediatric breathing differences
- small resting lung volume so low o2 reserve
-relies on diaphragm more than muscles
Paediatric circulation differences
circulating volume newborn= 80ml/kg
decreases to around 60-70ml/kg in adulthood
MAP more accurate than systolic BP
,Stridor
Inspiratory upper airway noise. high-pitched. airway narrowing/obstruction
Wheezing
Expiratory lower airway noise. whistling breath sound suggests
obstruction/narrowing of lower airways. asthma/bronchiolitis.
Grunting
an 'uh' sound during exhalation. mainly neonates/small infants. sign of severe
compromise.
Shock
delivery of oxygenated blood + nutrients to the body tissues is inadequate for
metabolic demand.
5 categories of shock
1. Hypovolemic
2. cardiogenic
3. Distributive
, 4. Obstructive
5. Dissociative
Distributive shock
inadequate distribution of blood, flow insufficient for the demand of the tissues.
Eg: Anaphylaxis, sepsis
Obstructive shock
obstruction of blood flow to/from the heart causing insufficient blood supply to
the body's tissues. Eg: tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade
Dissociative shock
insufficient oxygen carrying capacity of blood. Eg: anaemia, co2 posioning
Hypovolemic shock
reduced circulating volume, severe fluid loss. eg: major haemorrhage
cardiogenic shock
inadequate function of the heart. congenital/heart disease
Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct |
Grade A+
Paediatric airway differences
- airway narrower
- head larger so flexes on neck can cause partial obstruction
- small mouth but large tongue
- nasal breather up to 6 months
- higher larynx (creates sharp angle)
Paediatric breathing differences
- small resting lung volume so low o2 reserve
-relies on diaphragm more than muscles
Paediatric circulation differences
circulating volume newborn= 80ml/kg
decreases to around 60-70ml/kg in adulthood
MAP more accurate than systolic BP
,Stridor
Inspiratory upper airway noise. high-pitched. airway narrowing/obstruction
Wheezing
Expiratory lower airway noise. whistling breath sound suggests
obstruction/narrowing of lower airways. asthma/bronchiolitis.
Grunting
an 'uh' sound during exhalation. mainly neonates/small infants. sign of severe
compromise.
Shock
delivery of oxygenated blood + nutrients to the body tissues is inadequate for
metabolic demand.
5 categories of shock
1. Hypovolemic
2. cardiogenic
3. Distributive
, 4. Obstructive
5. Dissociative
Distributive shock
inadequate distribution of blood, flow insufficient for the demand of the tissues.
Eg: Anaphylaxis, sepsis
Obstructive shock
obstruction of blood flow to/from the heart causing insufficient blood supply to
the body's tissues. Eg: tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade
Dissociative shock
insufficient oxygen carrying capacity of blood. Eg: anaemia, co2 posioning
Hypovolemic shock
reduced circulating volume, severe fluid loss. eg: major haemorrhage
cardiogenic shock
inadequate function of the heart. congenital/heart disease
