NUR242 Exam 2 V1 | NUR 242 Med-Surg Exam
Q&A | Galen College of Nursing
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This exam preparation resource focuses on gastrointestinal disorders, renal conditions, and
endocrine nursing care in adult patients. The material is designed to strengthen understanding
of pathophysiology, nursing interventions, and evidence-based management strategies used in
medical-surgical nursing.
The questions included in this version closely mirror the style and complexity of actual nursing
exams. Detailed expert explanations are included to improve clinical reasoning and patient
management skills.
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The Exam Covers:
• Gastrointestinal disorders
• Renal and urinary system disorders
• Diabetes mellitus management
• Endocrine nursing care
• Nutritional support in adults
• Fluid replacement therapy
• Nursing assessment findings
• Adult elimination disorders
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1. A patient with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) reports increased symptoms at
night. Which intervention should the nurse recommend?
A. Eat a large meal before bedtime to neutralize acid.
B. Lie flat on the back without a pillow.
C. Drink a glass of milk immediately before sleep.
,D. Elevate the head of the bed using 6-inch blocks.
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Elevating the head of the bed helps prevent gastric contents from
refluxing into the esophagus through gravity. Patients should also avoid eating within three
hours of bedtime to reduce acid production. Drinking milk or eating large meals can
actually stimulate more acid secretion and worsen symptoms.
2. Which laboratory finding is most indicative of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progression?
A. Decreased Serum Creatinine
B. Increased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
C. Decreased Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
D. Decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: GFR is the best overall indicator of kidney function, and a decrease
signifies worsening renal failure. Creatinine and BUN typically increase as the kidneys lose
the ability to filter waste products. Monitoring GFR helps clinicians stage the disease and
adjust treatment plans accordingly.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient with Type 1 Diabetes who is diaphoretic and shaky. What is
the priority nursing action?
A. Check the patient’s blood glucose level.
, B. Call the healthcare provider immediately.
C. Administer the scheduled dose of glargine insulin.
D. Administer 15g of rapid-acting carbohydrates.
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: While the symptoms suggest hypoglycemia, the nurse must first
confirm the blood glucose level to provide appropriate care. Once hypoglycemia is
confirmed, the 15-15 rule should be implemented to raise blood sugar safely.
Administering insulin to a potentially hypoglycemic patient would be life-threatening.
4. The nurse assesses a patient with Cushing’s Syndrome. Which clinical manifestation should
the nurse expect to find?
A. Trunkal obesity and moon face.
B. Weight loss and hypotension.
C. Bronze skin pigmentation.
D. Tachycardia and heat intolerance.
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Cushing’s Syndrome is characterized by an excess of cortisol, leading
to fat redistribution in the face and trunk. Other signs include a buffalo hump, thin skin, and
purple striae on the abdomen. Bronze skin is associated with Addison’s disease, not
Cushing’s.
Q&A | Galen College of Nursing
────────────────────────────────────
This exam preparation resource focuses on gastrointestinal disorders, renal conditions, and
endocrine nursing care in adult patients. The material is designed to strengthen understanding
of pathophysiology, nursing interventions, and evidence-based management strategies used in
medical-surgical nursing.
The questions included in this version closely mirror the style and complexity of actual nursing
exams. Detailed expert explanations are included to improve clinical reasoning and patient
management skills.
════════════════════════════════════
The Exam Covers:
• Gastrointestinal disorders
• Renal and urinary system disorders
• Diabetes mellitus management
• Endocrine nursing care
• Nutritional support in adults
• Fluid replacement therapy
• Nursing assessment findings
• Adult elimination disorders
════════════════════════════════════
1. A patient with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) reports increased symptoms at
night. Which intervention should the nurse recommend?
A. Eat a large meal before bedtime to neutralize acid.
B. Lie flat on the back without a pillow.
C. Drink a glass of milk immediately before sleep.
,D. Elevate the head of the bed using 6-inch blocks.
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Elevating the head of the bed helps prevent gastric contents from
refluxing into the esophagus through gravity. Patients should also avoid eating within three
hours of bedtime to reduce acid production. Drinking milk or eating large meals can
actually stimulate more acid secretion and worsen symptoms.
2. Which laboratory finding is most indicative of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progression?
A. Decreased Serum Creatinine
B. Increased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
C. Decreased Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
D. Decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: GFR is the best overall indicator of kidney function, and a decrease
signifies worsening renal failure. Creatinine and BUN typically increase as the kidneys lose
the ability to filter waste products. Monitoring GFR helps clinicians stage the disease and
adjust treatment plans accordingly.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient with Type 1 Diabetes who is diaphoretic and shaky. What is
the priority nursing action?
A. Check the patient’s blood glucose level.
, B. Call the healthcare provider immediately.
C. Administer the scheduled dose of glargine insulin.
D. Administer 15g of rapid-acting carbohydrates.
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: While the symptoms suggest hypoglycemia, the nurse must first
confirm the blood glucose level to provide appropriate care. Once hypoglycemia is
confirmed, the 15-15 rule should be implemented to raise blood sugar safely.
Administering insulin to a potentially hypoglycemic patient would be life-threatening.
4. The nurse assesses a patient with Cushing’s Syndrome. Which clinical manifestation should
the nurse expect to find?
A. Trunkal obesity and moon face.
B. Weight loss and hypotension.
C. Bronze skin pigmentation.
D. Tachycardia and heat intolerance.
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Cushing’s Syndrome is characterized by an excess of cortisol, leading
to fat redistribution in the face and trunk. Other signs include a buffalo hump, thin skin, and
purple striae on the abdomen. Bronze skin is associated with Addison’s disease, not
Cushing’s.
