NUR242 Exam 2 V3 | NUR 242 Med-Surg Exam
Q&A | Galen College of Nursing
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This comprehensive exam-style resource is designed to prepare students for medical-surgical
nursing assessments related to complex gastrointestinal conditions, renal management, and
adult endocrine disorders. The material emphasizes evidence-based nursing interventions and
safe patient care practices.
The questions are structured to closely mirror actual course exams while reinforcing
prioritization, clinical reasoning, and nursing management strategies. Detailed expert
explanations support understanding and successful exam performance.
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The Exam Covers:
• Acute kidney injury
• Chronic kidney disease
• Peptic ulcer disease
• Diabetes complications
• Enteral and parenteral nutrition
• Electrolyte imbalances
• Adult endocrine disorders
• Nursing care planning
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1. A nurse is caring for a patient with acute kidney injury (AKI) who has entered the diuretic
phase. What is the priority nursing intervention?
A. Assess for signs of hypervolemia and pulmonary edema
B. Restrict fluid intake to 500 mL per day
C. Administer intravenous potassium supplements
,D. Monitor for hypotension and electrolyte imbalances
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: During the diuretic phase of AKI, the kidneys begin to recover and
excrete large volumes of dilute urine, which can lead to severe dehydration and electrolyte
loss. The nurse must prioritize monitoring blood pressure for hypotension and checking
serum levels for hypokalemia and hyponatremia. This phase requires careful fluid
replacement to prevent hypovolemic shock.
2. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect in a patient diagnosed with Cushing’s
syndrome?
A. Weight loss and hypotension
B. Hyperkalemia and hyponatremia
C. Thin skin with purple striae
D. Increased cold tolerance
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Cushing’s syndrome is characterized by an excess of cortisol, which
leads to protein wasting and fragile skin, resulting in purple striae. Patients often exhibit
‘moon face,’ ‘buffalo hump,’ and truncal obesity rather than weight loss. Management
focuses on reducing hormone levels and monitoring for complications like hypertension
and hyperglycemia.
, 3. A patient with Type 1 Diabetes is admitted with a blood glucose of 600 mg/dL and positive
ketonuria. Which treatment is the priority?
A. Intravenous administration of 0.9% Normal Saline
B. Administration of subcutaneous Glargine insulin
C. Oral administration of fast-acting carbohydrates
D. Intravenous administration of 5% Dextrose
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The patient is presenting with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), which
causes severe dehydration due to osmotic diuresis. The immediate priority is fluid
resuscitation with Normal Saline to restore circulatory volume and protect organ
perfusion. Insulin therapy is typically started after fluid resuscitation has begun to slowly
lower blood glucose.
4. What is the most common cause of prerenal acute kidney injury?
A. Decreased renal perfusion and hypovolemia
B. Urolithiasis and obstruction
C. Aminoglycoside toxicity
D. Acute glomerulonephritis
Correct Answer: A
Q&A | Galen College of Nursing
────────────────────────────────────
This comprehensive exam-style resource is designed to prepare students for medical-surgical
nursing assessments related to complex gastrointestinal conditions, renal management, and
adult endocrine disorders. The material emphasizes evidence-based nursing interventions and
safe patient care practices.
The questions are structured to closely mirror actual course exams while reinforcing
prioritization, clinical reasoning, and nursing management strategies. Detailed expert
explanations support understanding and successful exam performance.
════════════════════════════════════
The Exam Covers:
• Acute kidney injury
• Chronic kidney disease
• Peptic ulcer disease
• Diabetes complications
• Enteral and parenteral nutrition
• Electrolyte imbalances
• Adult endocrine disorders
• Nursing care planning
════════════════════════════════════
1. A nurse is caring for a patient with acute kidney injury (AKI) who has entered the diuretic
phase. What is the priority nursing intervention?
A. Assess for signs of hypervolemia and pulmonary edema
B. Restrict fluid intake to 500 mL per day
C. Administer intravenous potassium supplements
,D. Monitor for hypotension and electrolyte imbalances
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: During the diuretic phase of AKI, the kidneys begin to recover and
excrete large volumes of dilute urine, which can lead to severe dehydration and electrolyte
loss. The nurse must prioritize monitoring blood pressure for hypotension and checking
serum levels for hypokalemia and hyponatremia. This phase requires careful fluid
replacement to prevent hypovolemic shock.
2. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect in a patient diagnosed with Cushing’s
syndrome?
A. Weight loss and hypotension
B. Hyperkalemia and hyponatremia
C. Thin skin with purple striae
D. Increased cold tolerance
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Cushing’s syndrome is characterized by an excess of cortisol, which
leads to protein wasting and fragile skin, resulting in purple striae. Patients often exhibit
‘moon face,’ ‘buffalo hump,’ and truncal obesity rather than weight loss. Management
focuses on reducing hormone levels and monitoring for complications like hypertension
and hyperglycemia.
, 3. A patient with Type 1 Diabetes is admitted with a blood glucose of 600 mg/dL and positive
ketonuria. Which treatment is the priority?
A. Intravenous administration of 0.9% Normal Saline
B. Administration of subcutaneous Glargine insulin
C. Oral administration of fast-acting carbohydrates
D. Intravenous administration of 5% Dextrose
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The patient is presenting with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), which
causes severe dehydration due to osmotic diuresis. The immediate priority is fluid
resuscitation with Normal Saline to restore circulatory volume and protect organ
perfusion. Insulin therapy is typically started after fluid resuscitation has begun to slowly
lower blood glucose.
4. What is the most common cause of prerenal acute kidney injury?
A. Decreased renal perfusion and hypovolemia
B. Urolithiasis and obstruction
C. Aminoglycoside toxicity
D. Acute glomerulonephritis
Correct Answer: A
