HUBS 1406 Exam Revision Q & As
(Verified Answers) 2026
Kidney failure often leads to:
A) Dehydration.
B) Decreased parathyroid hormone secretion.
C) Acidosis.
D) Increased red blood cell production. - Correct Answers
✅C) Acidosis.
Substances larger than ________ are normally not allowed to
pass through the filtration membrane.
A) Urea.
B) Sodium ions.
C) Glucose.
D) Amino acids.
E) Albumin. - Correct Answers ✅E) Albumin.
Hypoventilation leads to:
A) Low plasma CO2 levels and high pH.
B) Low plasma CO2 levels and low pH.
C) High plasma CO2 levels and high pH.
,HUBS 1406 Exam Revision Q & As
(Verified Answers) 2026
D) High plasma CO2 levels and low pH. - Correct Answers
✅D) High plasma CO2 levels and low pH.
A person as lost a lot of blood after a large cut. Which of the
following would be likely to occur as a result of the blood
loss?
A) Increased renin secretion.
B) Increased parathyroid hormone secretion.
C) Decreased aldosterone secretion.
D) Decreased erythropoietin secretion. - Correct Answers
✅A) Increased renin secretion.
A person with chronic renal failure is likely to suffer from:
A) Anaemia.
B) Increased appetite.
C) Quicker blood clotting.
D) Alkalosis. - Correct Answers ✅A) Anaemia.
A person with chronic renal failure may have weak bones
because:
,HUBS 1406 Exam Revision Q & As
(Verified Answers) 2026
A) The effects of acidosis and parathyroid hormone would
combine to decrease the minerals in bone.
B) The effects of excess vitamin D would result in high
plasma levels of calcium, leading to deposits in the bones.
C) The nitrogenous wastes would build up in the bone.
D) The effects of erythropoietin on the red bone marrow
would weaken the bones. - Correct Answers ✅A) The
effects of acidosis and parathyroid hormone would combine
to decrease the minerals in bone.
A person with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is
unable to ventilate their lungs properly. Their kidneys are
likely to respond to this by:
A) Increasing excretion of bicarbonate ions.
B) Increasing excretion of hydrogen ions.
C) More retention of bicarbonate ions.
D) B and C. - Correct Answers ✅D) B and C.
Quentin Van Hoogle was diagnosed as a child with a severe
enterokinase deficiency. Based on what you know about this
enzyme, which of the following effects would be the final
result of this deficiency?
A) Increased muscle growth and repair due to excess amino
acid availability.
, HUBS 1406 Exam Revision Q & As
(Verified Answers) 2026
B) Diarrhoea and abnormally high levels of nitrogenous
wastes in urine.
C) Constipation and development of obesity due to low leptin
levels.
D) Diarrhoea and oedema due to poor protein absorption. -
Correct Answers ✅D) Diarrhoea and oedema due to poor
protein absorption.
Linda the supermodel is permanently on a diet. She loves to
eat her favourite diet mints, though, and gets through several
packets a day. The sweetener in the mints is a sugar which is
not absorbed. She finds that when she eats lots of mints she
always gets diarrhoea. What is the most likely reason for this?
A) The diarrhoea is most likely to be due to the fact that she
has a poor diet and is malnourished.
B) The sugar, since it is not absorbed, stays in the gut and
ends up in the large intestine, where it increases the
peristalsis in the colon and causes diarrhoea.
C) The sugar, since it is not absorbed, will not be able to be
used to make ATP, which will result in a general reduction in
gut function, causing diarrhoea.
D) The sugar, since it is not absorbed, stays in the gut and
ends up in the large intestine, where the osmotic pressure
reduces water absorption and makes her stools runny. -
Correct Answers ✅D) The sugar, since it is not absorbed,
stays in the gut and ends up in the large intestine, where the
(Verified Answers) 2026
Kidney failure often leads to:
A) Dehydration.
B) Decreased parathyroid hormone secretion.
C) Acidosis.
D) Increased red blood cell production. - Correct Answers
✅C) Acidosis.
Substances larger than ________ are normally not allowed to
pass through the filtration membrane.
A) Urea.
B) Sodium ions.
C) Glucose.
D) Amino acids.
E) Albumin. - Correct Answers ✅E) Albumin.
Hypoventilation leads to:
A) Low plasma CO2 levels and high pH.
B) Low plasma CO2 levels and low pH.
C) High plasma CO2 levels and high pH.
,HUBS 1406 Exam Revision Q & As
(Verified Answers) 2026
D) High plasma CO2 levels and low pH. - Correct Answers
✅D) High plasma CO2 levels and low pH.
A person as lost a lot of blood after a large cut. Which of the
following would be likely to occur as a result of the blood
loss?
A) Increased renin secretion.
B) Increased parathyroid hormone secretion.
C) Decreased aldosterone secretion.
D) Decreased erythropoietin secretion. - Correct Answers
✅A) Increased renin secretion.
A person with chronic renal failure is likely to suffer from:
A) Anaemia.
B) Increased appetite.
C) Quicker blood clotting.
D) Alkalosis. - Correct Answers ✅A) Anaemia.
A person with chronic renal failure may have weak bones
because:
,HUBS 1406 Exam Revision Q & As
(Verified Answers) 2026
A) The effects of acidosis and parathyroid hormone would
combine to decrease the minerals in bone.
B) The effects of excess vitamin D would result in high
plasma levels of calcium, leading to deposits in the bones.
C) The nitrogenous wastes would build up in the bone.
D) The effects of erythropoietin on the red bone marrow
would weaken the bones. - Correct Answers ✅A) The
effects of acidosis and parathyroid hormone would combine
to decrease the minerals in bone.
A person with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is
unable to ventilate their lungs properly. Their kidneys are
likely to respond to this by:
A) Increasing excretion of bicarbonate ions.
B) Increasing excretion of hydrogen ions.
C) More retention of bicarbonate ions.
D) B and C. - Correct Answers ✅D) B and C.
Quentin Van Hoogle was diagnosed as a child with a severe
enterokinase deficiency. Based on what you know about this
enzyme, which of the following effects would be the final
result of this deficiency?
A) Increased muscle growth and repair due to excess amino
acid availability.
, HUBS 1406 Exam Revision Q & As
(Verified Answers) 2026
B) Diarrhoea and abnormally high levels of nitrogenous
wastes in urine.
C) Constipation and development of obesity due to low leptin
levels.
D) Diarrhoea and oedema due to poor protein absorption. -
Correct Answers ✅D) Diarrhoea and oedema due to poor
protein absorption.
Linda the supermodel is permanently on a diet. She loves to
eat her favourite diet mints, though, and gets through several
packets a day. The sweetener in the mints is a sugar which is
not absorbed. She finds that when she eats lots of mints she
always gets diarrhoea. What is the most likely reason for this?
A) The diarrhoea is most likely to be due to the fact that she
has a poor diet and is malnourished.
B) The sugar, since it is not absorbed, stays in the gut and
ends up in the large intestine, where it increases the
peristalsis in the colon and causes diarrhoea.
C) The sugar, since it is not absorbed, will not be able to be
used to make ATP, which will result in a general reduction in
gut function, causing diarrhoea.
D) The sugar, since it is not absorbed, stays in the gut and
ends up in the large intestine, where the osmotic pressure
reduces water absorption and makes her stools runny. -
Correct Answers ✅D) The sugar, since it is not absorbed,
stays in the gut and ends up in the large intestine, where the
