Describe ELISA: Homogenous Assay
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* Antigen- Antibody reaction affect by an enzyme (color rxn)
* not very specific or sensitive
* not commonly used
Describe the Immuno-fluorescence stianing: direct staining method.
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, Direct- A patient antigen is added to a specific, known, and labled anitbody. If
specific for eachother a complex is created, which can be seen with a
flourescent microscope.
- A conjugate antibody is used to detect the anitigen-anitbody reaction at a
microscopic level. It can be applied to tissue disections or in smears for
specific microorganisms.
The color of light emitted during fluoresence microscopy depends on?
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the nature of the specimen.
Name 4 disadvantages to immune-fluorescence staining.
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1. The microscope is expensive to upkeep it and you have to have trained staff
that can use the microscope
2. Cross reactions can occur causing a false positive
3. Not all the reagents are available.
4. Auto-fluorescence (background stiaining) can ocurr interfering with the
stain
Type 4: Delayed- Type Hypersensitivity reaction
What types of cells does it involve?
,Sensitized lymphs secrete?
How long does it take for a reaction to occur? How does it occur?
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- Involves T-lymphs and macrophages
- mediated by lymphokins released by sensitized lymphs
- Occurs 1-2 weeks after coming in contact with the antigen
- Allows an increased # of T lymphs specific to the antigen to circulate in the
body.
* T lymphs make secondary contact with the antigen generating various
reactions. ? (check recordings)
Detecting syphilis using serological methods. What is a nonspecific (nontreponemal
methods)?
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- Looking for reagin antibody in the serum or blood of patient
- It is reported as reactive (+) or non-reactive (=)
- Acute syphilus infection has a titer of greater than or equal to 1:16
Describe the Immuno-fluorescence stianing: indirect staining method.
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Antibodies react with a homoglulus antigens but can also act as antigens, as
wll as react with anti-immunoglobulins.
- A cell has an antigen on it. An specific antibody binds to the antigen. While
another antibody specific for the previous antibody binds to it, creating an
, antigen-antibody-antibody complex. The second antibody is the flourescent
labeld Ab. (FITC or dye labeled anit-humman anitbody)
How does FTA-ABS (Fluorescent Treponemal Ab Absorption Test) remove complement
and protein disturbances?
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- Heat and activation remove complement and protein disturbances
-The patient serum is heated and activated for 30 mins at 56 degrees celcius
Enzyme multipled immunoassay technique is a theraputic drug for monitoring or
screening for?
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Drug abuse in the serum and urine
How is the classical pathway activated?
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It is initiated by the C1 complex to and antibody bound to and antigen on the
surface of bacterial cells.
Give this one a try later!
* Antigen- Antibody reaction affect by an enzyme (color rxn)
* not very specific or sensitive
* not commonly used
Describe the Immuno-fluorescence stianing: direct staining method.
Give this one a try later!
, Direct- A patient antigen is added to a specific, known, and labled anitbody. If
specific for eachother a complex is created, which can be seen with a
flourescent microscope.
- A conjugate antibody is used to detect the anitigen-anitbody reaction at a
microscopic level. It can be applied to tissue disections or in smears for
specific microorganisms.
The color of light emitted during fluoresence microscopy depends on?
Give this one a try later!
the nature of the specimen.
Name 4 disadvantages to immune-fluorescence staining.
Give this one a try later!
1. The microscope is expensive to upkeep it and you have to have trained staff
that can use the microscope
2. Cross reactions can occur causing a false positive
3. Not all the reagents are available.
4. Auto-fluorescence (background stiaining) can ocurr interfering with the
stain
Type 4: Delayed- Type Hypersensitivity reaction
What types of cells does it involve?
,Sensitized lymphs secrete?
How long does it take for a reaction to occur? How does it occur?
Give this one a try later!
- Involves T-lymphs and macrophages
- mediated by lymphokins released by sensitized lymphs
- Occurs 1-2 weeks after coming in contact with the antigen
- Allows an increased # of T lymphs specific to the antigen to circulate in the
body.
* T lymphs make secondary contact with the antigen generating various
reactions. ? (check recordings)
Detecting syphilis using serological methods. What is a nonspecific (nontreponemal
methods)?
Give this one a try later!
- Looking for reagin antibody in the serum or blood of patient
- It is reported as reactive (+) or non-reactive (=)
- Acute syphilus infection has a titer of greater than or equal to 1:16
Describe the Immuno-fluorescence stianing: indirect staining method.
Give this one a try later!
Antibodies react with a homoglulus antigens but can also act as antigens, as
wll as react with anti-immunoglobulins.
- A cell has an antigen on it. An specific antibody binds to the antigen. While
another antibody specific for the previous antibody binds to it, creating an
, antigen-antibody-antibody complex. The second antibody is the flourescent
labeld Ab. (FITC or dye labeled anit-humman anitbody)
How does FTA-ABS (Fluorescent Treponemal Ab Absorption Test) remove complement
and protein disturbances?
Give this one a try later!
- Heat and activation remove complement and protein disturbances
-The patient serum is heated and activated for 30 mins at 56 degrees celcius
Enzyme multipled immunoassay technique is a theraputic drug for monitoring or
screening for?
Give this one a try later!
Drug abuse in the serum and urine
How is the classical pathway activated?
Give this one a try later!
It is initiated by the C1 complex to and antibody bound to and antigen on the
surface of bacterial cells.
