GCU PHI-103 Exam 1 Study Guide UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is philosophy? (def) is the attempt to provide for oneself an outlook on life based on broad
fundamental principles underlying everything
What is philosophy? (explanation) defined by a concern of normative issues (what we ought to do) than is found
in other objects
Branches of Philosophy 1 Logic (think or argue) 2Knowledge (Epistemology) 3Ethics (right from wrong)
4Political Philosophy (government form) 5Aesthetics (beauty)
, Constructive task of philosophy attempting to find the answers to the basic and important issues in life
Analytical task rational examination of important concepts and their meaning and use
(ex;murder)
Major sub-disciplines of philosophy logic, epistemology, metaphysics, & ethics
Logic (1st sub-discipline) asks what it means to think logically, and what makes for a good arguement
Epistemology (2nd sub-discipline) asks whether one can know anything &what one can know and how one can
know it
Metaphysic (3rd sub-discipline nature of reality; what exists/what does it mean to exist?
Ethics (4th sub-discipline) nature of right and wrong
3 primary Laws of Logic 1- Law of identity
2- Law of non-contradiction
3- Law of exclude middle
(all reinforce each other, however if you just study the law of non-contradiction
you can understand all)
Components of a "sound"/"good" deductive argument -it is formally &informally valid
- it has true premises
-leads us to a sound conclusion which means it is true/valid
Deductive argument (def) the premise guarantee the truth of their conclusion
5 Types of valid logical arguments 1Modus Ponens
2Modus Tollens
3Hypothetical syllogism
4Disjunctive syllogism
5Constructive dilemma
Modus Ponens (MP) 1. If P then Q
2. P
3. Q (therefore, Q)
ex; If yellow is brighter than purple, then it is brighter than black
Modus Tollens (MT) 1. If P then Q
2. not Q
3. not P
ex; 1 if it is monday, then it is a weekday
2. its not a weekday
3. therefore, it is not monday
Hypothetical Syllogism (HS) 1. If P then Q
2. If Q then R
3. Therefore, If P then R
ex; 1 If it is V day, Oscar will invite Julia to dine @ a restaurant
2If Oscar will unite Julia to dinner at restaurant they will dine at Delatorre's
3(so) If it Day than ) & J will dine at Delatorre's
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is philosophy? (def) is the attempt to provide for oneself an outlook on life based on broad
fundamental principles underlying everything
What is philosophy? (explanation) defined by a concern of normative issues (what we ought to do) than is found
in other objects
Branches of Philosophy 1 Logic (think or argue) 2Knowledge (Epistemology) 3Ethics (right from wrong)
4Political Philosophy (government form) 5Aesthetics (beauty)
, Constructive task of philosophy attempting to find the answers to the basic and important issues in life
Analytical task rational examination of important concepts and their meaning and use
(ex;murder)
Major sub-disciplines of philosophy logic, epistemology, metaphysics, & ethics
Logic (1st sub-discipline) asks what it means to think logically, and what makes for a good arguement
Epistemology (2nd sub-discipline) asks whether one can know anything &what one can know and how one can
know it
Metaphysic (3rd sub-discipline nature of reality; what exists/what does it mean to exist?
Ethics (4th sub-discipline) nature of right and wrong
3 primary Laws of Logic 1- Law of identity
2- Law of non-contradiction
3- Law of exclude middle
(all reinforce each other, however if you just study the law of non-contradiction
you can understand all)
Components of a "sound"/"good" deductive argument -it is formally &informally valid
- it has true premises
-leads us to a sound conclusion which means it is true/valid
Deductive argument (def) the premise guarantee the truth of their conclusion
5 Types of valid logical arguments 1Modus Ponens
2Modus Tollens
3Hypothetical syllogism
4Disjunctive syllogism
5Constructive dilemma
Modus Ponens (MP) 1. If P then Q
2. P
3. Q (therefore, Q)
ex; If yellow is brighter than purple, then it is brighter than black
Modus Tollens (MT) 1. If P then Q
2. not Q
3. not P
ex; 1 if it is monday, then it is a weekday
2. its not a weekday
3. therefore, it is not monday
Hypothetical Syllogism (HS) 1. If P then Q
2. If Q then R
3. Therefore, If P then R
ex; 1 If it is V day, Oscar will invite Julia to dine @ a restaurant
2If Oscar will unite Julia to dinner at restaurant they will dine at Delatorre's
3(so) If it Day than ) & J will dine at Delatorre's
