Foundations Of Nursing II Exam #2 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base
What is the most important nutrient of life? - Water!!
In a healhy person what is the total body water 50%-60% of body weight
percentage?
, What is the average fluid intake and loss? 1500-2100 mLs
What makes infants prone to fluid volume deficits and - Infants have more body fluid and extra cellular fluid (ECF) than adults
dehydration?
What is the average adult intake of water/fluid in 24 - 2,000 - 3,000 mLs OR 1,500 - 3,500 mLs
hours?
What elements are cations (positive charges)? - Sodium (Na+)
- Potassium (K+)
- Magnesium (Mg+)
- Hydrogen (H+)
- Calcium (Ca+)
What elements are anions (negative charges)? - Chloride
- Bicarbonate
- Phosphate
What elements are non-electrolytes (no charge)? - Table sugar
- Urea
- Glucose
- Sucrose
What is the primary solvent? - Water
What are the 2 major electrolytes and what do they do in 1. Sodium (ECF)
the body? - controls and regulates volume of body fluids
2. Potassium (ICF)
- regulates cells
signs & sx = weak/leg cramps
What is a hypotonic environment? - Water moves inside the cell causing the cell to swell (lesser concentration of
particles than plasma)
Ex = hypovolemia
What is a hypertonic environment? - Water moves out of the cell and the cell shrinks (greater concentration of
particles than plasma)
Ex = Brain trauma
What are 2 types of isotonic solutions? 1. 0.9% sodium chloride (NS)
2. Lactated Ringers
What is an isotonic solution? - Fluid is same concentration as blood so no osmosis occurs
What are the signs of hypovolemia? - Tachycardia
- Low BP
- Dry mucous membranes
- Low urine output
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base
What is the most important nutrient of life? - Water!!
In a healhy person what is the total body water 50%-60% of body weight
percentage?
, What is the average fluid intake and loss? 1500-2100 mLs
What makes infants prone to fluid volume deficits and - Infants have more body fluid and extra cellular fluid (ECF) than adults
dehydration?
What is the average adult intake of water/fluid in 24 - 2,000 - 3,000 mLs OR 1,500 - 3,500 mLs
hours?
What elements are cations (positive charges)? - Sodium (Na+)
- Potassium (K+)
- Magnesium (Mg+)
- Hydrogen (H+)
- Calcium (Ca+)
What elements are anions (negative charges)? - Chloride
- Bicarbonate
- Phosphate
What elements are non-electrolytes (no charge)? - Table sugar
- Urea
- Glucose
- Sucrose
What is the primary solvent? - Water
What are the 2 major electrolytes and what do they do in 1. Sodium (ECF)
the body? - controls and regulates volume of body fluids
2. Potassium (ICF)
- regulates cells
signs & sx = weak/leg cramps
What is a hypotonic environment? - Water moves inside the cell causing the cell to swell (lesser concentration of
particles than plasma)
Ex = hypovolemia
What is a hypertonic environment? - Water moves out of the cell and the cell shrinks (greater concentration of
particles than plasma)
Ex = Brain trauma
What are 2 types of isotonic solutions? 1. 0.9% sodium chloride (NS)
2. Lactated Ringers
What is an isotonic solution? - Fluid is same concentration as blood so no osmosis occurs
What are the signs of hypovolemia? - Tachycardia
- Low BP
- Dry mucous membranes
- Low urine output
