Foundations of Nursing Exam 3 Blueprint Review
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Communication (Therapeutic) - CORRECT ANSWER -Use of purposeful, goal-directed interaction to support
patient well-being; improves outcomes and prevents errors
Therapeutic Communication Goal - CORRECT ANSWER -Build trust, gather accurate data, and support emotional
needs for safe care
Nontherapeutic Communication - CORRECT ANSWER -Blocks communication (e.g., giving advice, false
reassurance) and leads to poor patient outcomes
Open-Ended Question - CORRECT ANSWER -Encourages patient to elaborate; best for assessment and building
rapport
Closed-Ended Question - CORRECT ANSWER -Used for specific data; limits patient response and depth
Active Listening - CORRECT ANSWER -Fully focusing, nodding, and reflecting; improves accuracy of
assessment
Silence in Communication - CORRECT ANSWER -Allows patient time to think and express feelings; therapeutic
Nonverbal Communication - CORRECT ANSWER -Body language, tone, facial expression; often more important
than words
A nurse says "Everything will be fine." What is wrong? - CORRECT ANSWER -False reassurance; dismisses
patient feelings and is nontherapeutic
A nurse asks "How are you feeling about surgery?" What type? - CORRECT ANSWER -Therapeutic open-ended
question; promotes expression
Priority communication action if patient is anxious - CORRECT ANSWER -Use calm tone and open-ended
questions to assess concerns first
Delegation and communication - CORRECT ANSWER -RN performs therapeutic communication; UAP only
reports observations
Stress - CORRECT ANSWER -Response of body to demands; can be acute or chronic and affect all systems
Acute vs Chronic Stress - CORRECT ANSWER -Acute = short-term; Chronic = long-term and leads to illness
General Adaptation Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER -Alarm → Resistance → Exhaustion; prolonged stress leads
to breakdown
Maladaptive Coping - CORRECT ANSWER -Unhealthy behaviors (e.g., substance use); worsens health
Adaptive Coping - CORRECT ANSWER -Healthy strategies (exercise, talking); improves outcomes
Signs of Stress - CORRECT ANSWER -Increased HR, BP, anxiety, insomnia, poor concentration
Priority nursing action for stressed patient - CORRECT ANSWER -Assess coping mechanisms before intervening
A patient uses alcohol to cope—what is this? - CORRECT ANSWER -Maladaptive coping; requires intervention
, Family Dynamics - CORRECT ANSWER -Interactions and roles within a family affecting health and decision-
making
Importance of Family in Care - CORRECT ANSWER -Provides support, influences compliance, and decision-
making
Nurse role in family care - CORRECT ANSWER -Include family, respect culture, assess roles and dynamics
Family decision-maker - CORRECT ANSWER -Identified individual who makes health decisions; varies culturally
Red flag in family assessment - CORRECT ANSWER -Signs of abuse or neglect require immediate reporting
Developmental Theories - CORRECT ANSWER -Predict behaviors and needs based on age; guide nursing care
Erikson Stages - CORRECT ANSWER -Psychosocial development across lifespan; each stage has a conflict
Infant stage (Erikson) - CORRECT ANSWER -Trust vs mistrust; develops trust through consistent care
Toddler stage (Erikson) - CORRECT ANSWER -Autonomy vs shame; needs independence
Adolescent stage (Erikson) - CORRECT ANSWER -Identity vs role confusion; focus on self-identity
Piaget Theory - CORRECT ANSWER -Cognitive development; how children think and understand the world
Toddler safety risk - CORRECT ANSWER -Falls due to mobility and curiosity; highest priority risk
Adolescent risk-taking - CORRECT ANSWER -Peer influence leads to unsafe behaviors; requires education
Young Adult Focus - CORRECT ANSWER -Intimacy, career, lifestyle choices affecting health
Middle Adult Focus - CORRECT ANSWER -Chronic disease prevention (HTN, diabetes)
Self-Concept - CORRECT ANSWER -How a person views themselves; affects behavior and health
Components of Self-Concept - CORRECT ANSWER -Self-esteem, body image, role performance
Low self-esteem signs - CORRECT ANSWER -Withdrawal, negative self-talk, depression
Nursing action for low self-concept - CORRECT ANSWER -Encourage strengths and provide support
Older Adult Changes - CORRECT ANSWER -Decreased vision, hearing, mobility; increased fall risk
Priority for older adults - CORRECT ANSWER -Fall prevention is top safety concern
Confusion in older adult - CORRECT ANSWER -Not always dementia; assess for acute causes (e.g., infection)
Sensory Deprivation - CORRECT ANSWER -Lack of stimuli causing confusion and withdrawal
Sensory Overload - CORRECT ANSWER -Too much stimuli causing anxiety and inability to focus
Intervention for sensory deprivation - CORRECT ANSWER -Increase meaningful stimuli and reorient patient
Intervention for sensory overload - CORRECT ANSWER -Reduce noise, limit visitors, provide calm environment
Perioperative Phases - CORRECT ANSWER -Preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative
Preoperative priority - CORRECT ANSWER -Informed consent must be signed before sedation
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Communication (Therapeutic) - CORRECT ANSWER -Use of purposeful, goal-directed interaction to support
patient well-being; improves outcomes and prevents errors
Therapeutic Communication Goal - CORRECT ANSWER -Build trust, gather accurate data, and support emotional
needs for safe care
Nontherapeutic Communication - CORRECT ANSWER -Blocks communication (e.g., giving advice, false
reassurance) and leads to poor patient outcomes
Open-Ended Question - CORRECT ANSWER -Encourages patient to elaborate; best for assessment and building
rapport
Closed-Ended Question - CORRECT ANSWER -Used for specific data; limits patient response and depth
Active Listening - CORRECT ANSWER -Fully focusing, nodding, and reflecting; improves accuracy of
assessment
Silence in Communication - CORRECT ANSWER -Allows patient time to think and express feelings; therapeutic
Nonverbal Communication - CORRECT ANSWER -Body language, tone, facial expression; often more important
than words
A nurse says "Everything will be fine." What is wrong? - CORRECT ANSWER -False reassurance; dismisses
patient feelings and is nontherapeutic
A nurse asks "How are you feeling about surgery?" What type? - CORRECT ANSWER -Therapeutic open-ended
question; promotes expression
Priority communication action if patient is anxious - CORRECT ANSWER -Use calm tone and open-ended
questions to assess concerns first
Delegation and communication - CORRECT ANSWER -RN performs therapeutic communication; UAP only
reports observations
Stress - CORRECT ANSWER -Response of body to demands; can be acute or chronic and affect all systems
Acute vs Chronic Stress - CORRECT ANSWER -Acute = short-term; Chronic = long-term and leads to illness
General Adaptation Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER -Alarm → Resistance → Exhaustion; prolonged stress leads
to breakdown
Maladaptive Coping - CORRECT ANSWER -Unhealthy behaviors (e.g., substance use); worsens health
Adaptive Coping - CORRECT ANSWER -Healthy strategies (exercise, talking); improves outcomes
Signs of Stress - CORRECT ANSWER -Increased HR, BP, anxiety, insomnia, poor concentration
Priority nursing action for stressed patient - CORRECT ANSWER -Assess coping mechanisms before intervening
A patient uses alcohol to cope—what is this? - CORRECT ANSWER -Maladaptive coping; requires intervention
, Family Dynamics - CORRECT ANSWER -Interactions and roles within a family affecting health and decision-
making
Importance of Family in Care - CORRECT ANSWER -Provides support, influences compliance, and decision-
making
Nurse role in family care - CORRECT ANSWER -Include family, respect culture, assess roles and dynamics
Family decision-maker - CORRECT ANSWER -Identified individual who makes health decisions; varies culturally
Red flag in family assessment - CORRECT ANSWER -Signs of abuse or neglect require immediate reporting
Developmental Theories - CORRECT ANSWER -Predict behaviors and needs based on age; guide nursing care
Erikson Stages - CORRECT ANSWER -Psychosocial development across lifespan; each stage has a conflict
Infant stage (Erikson) - CORRECT ANSWER -Trust vs mistrust; develops trust through consistent care
Toddler stage (Erikson) - CORRECT ANSWER -Autonomy vs shame; needs independence
Adolescent stage (Erikson) - CORRECT ANSWER -Identity vs role confusion; focus on self-identity
Piaget Theory - CORRECT ANSWER -Cognitive development; how children think and understand the world
Toddler safety risk - CORRECT ANSWER -Falls due to mobility and curiosity; highest priority risk
Adolescent risk-taking - CORRECT ANSWER -Peer influence leads to unsafe behaviors; requires education
Young Adult Focus - CORRECT ANSWER -Intimacy, career, lifestyle choices affecting health
Middle Adult Focus - CORRECT ANSWER -Chronic disease prevention (HTN, diabetes)
Self-Concept - CORRECT ANSWER -How a person views themselves; affects behavior and health
Components of Self-Concept - CORRECT ANSWER -Self-esteem, body image, role performance
Low self-esteem signs - CORRECT ANSWER -Withdrawal, negative self-talk, depression
Nursing action for low self-concept - CORRECT ANSWER -Encourage strengths and provide support
Older Adult Changes - CORRECT ANSWER -Decreased vision, hearing, mobility; increased fall risk
Priority for older adults - CORRECT ANSWER -Fall prevention is top safety concern
Confusion in older adult - CORRECT ANSWER -Not always dementia; assess for acute causes (e.g., infection)
Sensory Deprivation - CORRECT ANSWER -Lack of stimuli causing confusion and withdrawal
Sensory Overload - CORRECT ANSWER -Too much stimuli causing anxiety and inability to focus
Intervention for sensory deprivation - CORRECT ANSWER -Increase meaningful stimuli and reorient patient
Intervention for sensory overload - CORRECT ANSWER -Reduce noise, limit visitors, provide calm environment
Perioperative Phases - CORRECT ANSWER -Preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative
Preoperative priority - CORRECT ANSWER -Informed consent must be signed before sedation
