A&P IV EXAM 1 – COMPREHENSIVE
REVIEW & TEST BANK
A&P IV EXAM 1 – COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Digestive System | Metabolism | Urinary System | Fluid/Electrolyte/Acid-Base Balance
SECTION 1: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OVERVIEW (Questions 1-30)
1. Where does digestion begin?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Mouth
D) Esophagus
Answer: C
Rationale: Digestion begins in the mouth with mechanical breakdown (mastication) and
chemical breakdown (salivary amylase begins carbohydrate digestion) [citation:3].
2. Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system?
A) Breakdown of nutrients
B) Absorption of nutrients
C) Long-term storage of nutrients
D) Ingestion of nutrients
Answer: C
1
,Rationale: Long-term storage of nutrients is not a digestive system function; this is primarily
handled by adipose tissue and the liver [citation:3].
3. Which membrane is responsible for covering organs and lining internal body cavities?
A) Serous membranes
B) Synovial membranes
C) Cutaneous membranes
D) Basement membranes
Answer: A
Rationale: Serous membranes line body cavities and cover organs, reducing friction between
organs and cavity walls [citation:3].
4. From the most superficial (outermost) to the deepest, what is the correct order of layers of the
GI tract?
A) Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
B) Serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa
C) Serosa, submucosa, muscularis, mucosa
D) Mucosa, muscularis, serosa, submucosa
Answer: B
Rationale: The correct order from outermost to innermost is serosa, muscularis externa,
submucosa, and mucosa [citation:3].
5. Which layer of the GI tract contains two bands of smooth muscle?
A) Mucosa
B) Submucosa
C) Muscularis externa
D) Serosa
2
,Answer: C
Rationale: The muscularis externa contains two layers of smooth muscle: circular and
longitudinal, responsible for peristalsis and segmentation [citation:3].
6. Which digestive organ is retroperitoneal?
A) Sigmoid colon
B) Pancreas
C) Gallbladder
D) Stomach
Answer: B
Rationale: The pancreas is retroperitoneal, located behind the peritoneum. Other retroperitoneal
organs include the kidneys, adrenal glands, and portions of the duodenum and colon [citation:3].
7. What is the correct order for the major parts of the GI tract, starting with the place of
ingestion?
A) Mouth, stomach, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine
B) Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
C) Esophagus, mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
D) Mouth, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine
Answer: B
Rationale: The alimentary canal follows this sequence: mouth → pharynx → esophagus →
stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum → anus [citation:3].
8. Which of the following are accessory digestive structures rather than part of the alimentary
canal? (Select all that apply)
A) Pancreas
B) Stomach
C) Salivary glands
3
, D) Liver
Answer: A, C, D
Rationale: Accessory digestive structures include the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and
pancreas. The stomach is part of the alimentary canal [citation:3].
9. Which peritoneal fold stabilizes the stomach and attaches to the liver?
A) Greater omentum
B) Lesser omentum
C) Falciform ligament
D) Mesentery
Answer: B
Rationale: The lesser omentum attaches the stomach to the liver and stabilizes the stomach. The
greater omentum attaches to the transverse colon and acts as insulation [citation:3].
10. Which peritoneal fold attaches to the transverse colon and acts as insulation?
A) Greater omentum
B) Lesser omentum
C) Mesentery
D) Falciform ligament
Answer: A
Rationale: The greater omentum is attached superiorly to the transverse colon and acts as
insulation, protecting abdominal organs [citation:3].
11. What is the function of segmentation in the small intestine?
A) Move chyme forward rapidly
B) Slow movement and mix chyme for absorption
C) Eliminate waste products
4
REVIEW & TEST BANK
A&P IV EXAM 1 – COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Digestive System | Metabolism | Urinary System | Fluid/Electrolyte/Acid-Base Balance
SECTION 1: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OVERVIEW (Questions 1-30)
1. Where does digestion begin?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Mouth
D) Esophagus
Answer: C
Rationale: Digestion begins in the mouth with mechanical breakdown (mastication) and
chemical breakdown (salivary amylase begins carbohydrate digestion) [citation:3].
2. Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system?
A) Breakdown of nutrients
B) Absorption of nutrients
C) Long-term storage of nutrients
D) Ingestion of nutrients
Answer: C
1
,Rationale: Long-term storage of nutrients is not a digestive system function; this is primarily
handled by adipose tissue and the liver [citation:3].
3. Which membrane is responsible for covering organs and lining internal body cavities?
A) Serous membranes
B) Synovial membranes
C) Cutaneous membranes
D) Basement membranes
Answer: A
Rationale: Serous membranes line body cavities and cover organs, reducing friction between
organs and cavity walls [citation:3].
4. From the most superficial (outermost) to the deepest, what is the correct order of layers of the
GI tract?
A) Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
B) Serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa
C) Serosa, submucosa, muscularis, mucosa
D) Mucosa, muscularis, serosa, submucosa
Answer: B
Rationale: The correct order from outermost to innermost is serosa, muscularis externa,
submucosa, and mucosa [citation:3].
5. Which layer of the GI tract contains two bands of smooth muscle?
A) Mucosa
B) Submucosa
C) Muscularis externa
D) Serosa
2
,Answer: C
Rationale: The muscularis externa contains two layers of smooth muscle: circular and
longitudinal, responsible for peristalsis and segmentation [citation:3].
6. Which digestive organ is retroperitoneal?
A) Sigmoid colon
B) Pancreas
C) Gallbladder
D) Stomach
Answer: B
Rationale: The pancreas is retroperitoneal, located behind the peritoneum. Other retroperitoneal
organs include the kidneys, adrenal glands, and portions of the duodenum and colon [citation:3].
7. What is the correct order for the major parts of the GI tract, starting with the place of
ingestion?
A) Mouth, stomach, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine
B) Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
C) Esophagus, mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
D) Mouth, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine
Answer: B
Rationale: The alimentary canal follows this sequence: mouth → pharynx → esophagus →
stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum → anus [citation:3].
8. Which of the following are accessory digestive structures rather than part of the alimentary
canal? (Select all that apply)
A) Pancreas
B) Stomach
C) Salivary glands
3
, D) Liver
Answer: A, C, D
Rationale: Accessory digestive structures include the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and
pancreas. The stomach is part of the alimentary canal [citation:3].
9. Which peritoneal fold stabilizes the stomach and attaches to the liver?
A) Greater omentum
B) Lesser omentum
C) Falciform ligament
D) Mesentery
Answer: B
Rationale: The lesser omentum attaches the stomach to the liver and stabilizes the stomach. The
greater omentum attaches to the transverse colon and acts as insulation [citation:3].
10. Which peritoneal fold attaches to the transverse colon and acts as insulation?
A) Greater omentum
B) Lesser omentum
C) Mesentery
D) Falciform ligament
Answer: A
Rationale: The greater omentum is attached superiorly to the transverse colon and acts as
insulation, protecting abdominal organs [citation:3].
11. What is the function of segmentation in the small intestine?
A) Move chyme forward rapidly
B) Slow movement and mix chyme for absorption
C) Eliminate waste products
4
