HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is histology? - CORRECT ANSWER -The study of tissues
What is a tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER -A group of cells that act together to perform a specific function.
What are the fundamental tissues? - CORRECT ANSWER -Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve
(Elephants Can Make News)
What is the function of epithelial cells? - CORRECT ANSWER -Cover, line, and protect the body and the internal
organs.
What is the function of connective tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER -Framework of the body. Provides support and
structure to organs.
What is neuroglia? - CORRECT ANSWER -The neurons and connective tissue cells that compose nerve tissue.
What ability does muscle tissue have? - CORRECT ANSWER -Ability to contract and shorten.
What is muscle tissue classified as? - CORRECT ANSWER -Voluntary(skeletal muscles) and involuntary(smooth
& cardiac)
What is meiosis? - CORRECT ANSWER -The cell division that takes place in the gonads, i.e. the ovaries and
testes.
What two layers compose the skin? - CORRECT ANSWER -Epidermis and dermis.
What is the epidermis? - CORRECT ANSWER -The outermost protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial cells.
What is the dermis? - CORRECT ANSWER -The underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve
endings, and the associated skin tissues.
What are the layers of the epidermis? - CORRECT ANSWER -Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Germivatum ( basale & spinosum)
Mnemonic: Candy Lions Growl Great.
What does the protein pigment melanin protect against? - CORRECT ANSWER -Radiation from the Sun
What is the dermis composed of? - CORRECT ANSWER -Fibrous connective tissue with nerve endings, blood
vessels, sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands.
What are the 2 types of sweat glands? - CORRECT ANSWER -ecrine & apocrine
What do ecrine sweat glands produce? - CORRECT ANSWER -Sweat. Regulate body temperature.
What do apocrine sweat glands produce? - CORRECT ANSWER -Secretions contain bits of cytoplasm from cells,
attracting bacteria that produces body odor.
What do sebaceous glands secrete? - CORRECT ANSWER -They secrete sebum through the hair follicles, which
lubricates the skin and prevents drying.
What secretion produces oil? - CORRECT ANSWER -Holocrine secretion.
, What are sebaceous glands prone to during adolescence? - CORRECT ANSWER -Becoming clogged and
attracting bacteria.
What protein composes the hair and skin? - CORRECT ANSWER -Keratin
What makes the body's framework? - CORRECT ANSWER -Bone, cartilage, ligaments & joints.
What are the functions of the skeletal system? - CORRECT ANSWER -Support, movement, blood cell formation,
protection of internal organs, detoxification, muscle attachment, mineral storage. *A MIME BATHED SEALS SINGING
"MY PONY"*
How are bones classified? - CORRECT ANSWER -By shape.
Long
Short
flat
irregular
sesamoid
*LEMURS SING SALSA FOR INDIANS*
What is the name for the cells that compose compact bone? - CORRECT ANSWER -Osteoblasts
What occurs to osteoblasts when they become fixed in the dense bone matrix? - CORRECT ANSWER -They stop
dividing but continue to maintain body tissues as osteocytes.
How many bones make up the axial skeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER -28 bones of the skull. 14-facial, 14-
cranium.
How many bones make the facial skeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER -2 nasal bones
2 maxillary bones
2 zygomatic bones
1 mandible
2 palatine bones
1 vomer
2 lacrimal bones
2 inferior nasal bones
What are the bones of the cranium? - CORRECT ANSWER -single occipital
frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid
paired parietal
temporal
ossicles
What bone structures are in the ossicles (ears) ? - CORRECT ANSWER -malleus, incus, stapes
How many bones make the skeletal column? - CORRECT ANSWER -33 bones
How many cervical vertebrae in the skeletal column? - CORRECT ANSWER -7
How many thoracic vertebrae in the skeletal column? - CORRECT ANSWER -12
How many lumbar vertebrae? - CORRECT ANSWER -5
How many sacral vertebrae? - CORRECT ANSWER -5
How many coccygeal vertebrae? - CORRECT ANSWER -1-the tailbone
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is histology? - CORRECT ANSWER -The study of tissues
What is a tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER -A group of cells that act together to perform a specific function.
What are the fundamental tissues? - CORRECT ANSWER -Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve
(Elephants Can Make News)
What is the function of epithelial cells? - CORRECT ANSWER -Cover, line, and protect the body and the internal
organs.
What is the function of connective tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER -Framework of the body. Provides support and
structure to organs.
What is neuroglia? - CORRECT ANSWER -The neurons and connective tissue cells that compose nerve tissue.
What ability does muscle tissue have? - CORRECT ANSWER -Ability to contract and shorten.
What is muscle tissue classified as? - CORRECT ANSWER -Voluntary(skeletal muscles) and involuntary(smooth
& cardiac)
What is meiosis? - CORRECT ANSWER -The cell division that takes place in the gonads, i.e. the ovaries and
testes.
What two layers compose the skin? - CORRECT ANSWER -Epidermis and dermis.
What is the epidermis? - CORRECT ANSWER -The outermost protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial cells.
What is the dermis? - CORRECT ANSWER -The underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve
endings, and the associated skin tissues.
What are the layers of the epidermis? - CORRECT ANSWER -Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Germivatum ( basale & spinosum)
Mnemonic: Candy Lions Growl Great.
What does the protein pigment melanin protect against? - CORRECT ANSWER -Radiation from the Sun
What is the dermis composed of? - CORRECT ANSWER -Fibrous connective tissue with nerve endings, blood
vessels, sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands.
What are the 2 types of sweat glands? - CORRECT ANSWER -ecrine & apocrine
What do ecrine sweat glands produce? - CORRECT ANSWER -Sweat. Regulate body temperature.
What do apocrine sweat glands produce? - CORRECT ANSWER -Secretions contain bits of cytoplasm from cells,
attracting bacteria that produces body odor.
What do sebaceous glands secrete? - CORRECT ANSWER -They secrete sebum through the hair follicles, which
lubricates the skin and prevents drying.
What secretion produces oil? - CORRECT ANSWER -Holocrine secretion.
, What are sebaceous glands prone to during adolescence? - CORRECT ANSWER -Becoming clogged and
attracting bacteria.
What protein composes the hair and skin? - CORRECT ANSWER -Keratin
What makes the body's framework? - CORRECT ANSWER -Bone, cartilage, ligaments & joints.
What are the functions of the skeletal system? - CORRECT ANSWER -Support, movement, blood cell formation,
protection of internal organs, detoxification, muscle attachment, mineral storage. *A MIME BATHED SEALS SINGING
"MY PONY"*
How are bones classified? - CORRECT ANSWER -By shape.
Long
Short
flat
irregular
sesamoid
*LEMURS SING SALSA FOR INDIANS*
What is the name for the cells that compose compact bone? - CORRECT ANSWER -Osteoblasts
What occurs to osteoblasts when they become fixed in the dense bone matrix? - CORRECT ANSWER -They stop
dividing but continue to maintain body tissues as osteocytes.
How many bones make up the axial skeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER -28 bones of the skull. 14-facial, 14-
cranium.
How many bones make the facial skeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER -2 nasal bones
2 maxillary bones
2 zygomatic bones
1 mandible
2 palatine bones
1 vomer
2 lacrimal bones
2 inferior nasal bones
What are the bones of the cranium? - CORRECT ANSWER -single occipital
frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid
paired parietal
temporal
ossicles
What bone structures are in the ossicles (ears) ? - CORRECT ANSWER -malleus, incus, stapes
How many bones make the skeletal column? - CORRECT ANSWER -33 bones
How many cervical vertebrae in the skeletal column? - CORRECT ANSWER -7
How many thoracic vertebrae in the skeletal column? - CORRECT ANSWER -12
How many lumbar vertebrae? - CORRECT ANSWER -5
How many sacral vertebrae? - CORRECT ANSWER -5
How many coccygeal vertebrae? - CORRECT ANSWER -1-the tailbone
