Module 3 Biology OCR A UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Name the two types of epithelial tissue found in the Ciliated epithelium
lungs and airways. Squamous epithelium
The epithelial cells in the lungs are arranged into -Alveoli have one cell thick walls creating shorter diffusion distance.
structures called alveoli. -Right next to capillaries which have one cell thick walls
Explain how the alveoli create a surface for efficient -Allows for easier diffusion
gaseous exchange. -Constant flow of blood in capillaries helps maintain concentration gradient
-Elastic fibres in the alveoli, so they can recoil, expelling air
-Large number of alveoli provide large surface area
-Small size of alveoli provide large surface area to volume ratio
-Cells secrete surfactant to maintain surface area
To improve gaseous exchange, the air in the alveoli is Spirometer
refreshed by ventilation. The air movement created by
ventilation can be recorded using suitable apparatus.
(i) Name the apparatus used to record these air
movements
When the rubber sheet is pulled down the balloons -volume inside jar increases
expand. -pressure inside jar decreases
Explain why the balloons expand. -to below pressure in atmosphere
-Air moves/forced into the balloons
, A teacher used the model in Fig. 2.1 to demonstrate the -volume of air inhaled/exhaled
difference between tidal volume and vital capacity. -in one breath
(i) Explain the meaning of the term tidal volume. -during regular breathing
Suggest how the teacher may have used the model to By moving the rubber sheet up and down in regular movements
demonstrate tidal volume.
Explain the meaning of the term vital capacity. Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air inhaled/exhaled in one breath
Suggest how the teacher may have used the model to They may have pulled down the rubber sheet as far as possible and pushed it up
demonstrate vital capacity. as far as possible
Calculate the surface area to volume ratio of the cube vol = 1000
with 10 mm sides. sa = 600
Show your working. 600/1000= 0.6
1000/1000= 1
so 0.6:1
Using the data in Table 2.1, describe the relationship As the SA:Vol ratio increases the rate of diffusion increases.
between the rate of diffusion and the surface area to USE FIGURES
volume ratio.
Explain the significance of the relationship between rate -Large plants have a small SA:vol ratio
of diffusion and the surface area -This would lead to the diffusion rate being too slow
to volume ratio for large plants. -So an effective transport system would be needed for
water/minerals/assimilates
-Leaves with effective SA:Vol ratios needed for gaseous exchange
how does the adaptation of squamous epithelium in the Thin walls allow for rapid diffusion as there is a SHORTER DIFFUSION DISTANCE
lungs improve efficiency of gaseous exchange.
how does the adaptation of a large number of alveoli in Provides a large surface area
the lungs improve efficiency of gaseous exchange.
how does the adaptation of good blood supply in the Helps to maintain a concentration gradient, allowing for more efficient exchange
lungs improve efficiency of gaseous exchange. of oxygen and waste through diffusion
how does the adaptation of good ventilation in the lungs Supplies oxygen and helps remove carbon dioxide and other waste product.
improve efficiency of gaseous exchange. Maintains steep concentration gradient
List three reasons why a large, multicellular animal, such -They have a small SA:vol ratio
as a mammal, needs a transport system. -Diffusion distance is too great
-Need to be able to supply enough oxygen and nutrients to tissues
-To prevent carbon dioxide and other waste products building up
-Large multicellular animals are very active
State the full name given to a trace showing the Electrocardiogram
electrical activity of the heart.
CORRECT Answers
Name the two types of epithelial tissue found in the Ciliated epithelium
lungs and airways. Squamous epithelium
The epithelial cells in the lungs are arranged into -Alveoli have one cell thick walls creating shorter diffusion distance.
structures called alveoli. -Right next to capillaries which have one cell thick walls
Explain how the alveoli create a surface for efficient -Allows for easier diffusion
gaseous exchange. -Constant flow of blood in capillaries helps maintain concentration gradient
-Elastic fibres in the alveoli, so they can recoil, expelling air
-Large number of alveoli provide large surface area
-Small size of alveoli provide large surface area to volume ratio
-Cells secrete surfactant to maintain surface area
To improve gaseous exchange, the air in the alveoli is Spirometer
refreshed by ventilation. The air movement created by
ventilation can be recorded using suitable apparatus.
(i) Name the apparatus used to record these air
movements
When the rubber sheet is pulled down the balloons -volume inside jar increases
expand. -pressure inside jar decreases
Explain why the balloons expand. -to below pressure in atmosphere
-Air moves/forced into the balloons
, A teacher used the model in Fig. 2.1 to demonstrate the -volume of air inhaled/exhaled
difference between tidal volume and vital capacity. -in one breath
(i) Explain the meaning of the term tidal volume. -during regular breathing
Suggest how the teacher may have used the model to By moving the rubber sheet up and down in regular movements
demonstrate tidal volume.
Explain the meaning of the term vital capacity. Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air inhaled/exhaled in one breath
Suggest how the teacher may have used the model to They may have pulled down the rubber sheet as far as possible and pushed it up
demonstrate vital capacity. as far as possible
Calculate the surface area to volume ratio of the cube vol = 1000
with 10 mm sides. sa = 600
Show your working. 600/1000= 0.6
1000/1000= 1
so 0.6:1
Using the data in Table 2.1, describe the relationship As the SA:Vol ratio increases the rate of diffusion increases.
between the rate of diffusion and the surface area to USE FIGURES
volume ratio.
Explain the significance of the relationship between rate -Large plants have a small SA:vol ratio
of diffusion and the surface area -This would lead to the diffusion rate being too slow
to volume ratio for large plants. -So an effective transport system would be needed for
water/minerals/assimilates
-Leaves with effective SA:Vol ratios needed for gaseous exchange
how does the adaptation of squamous epithelium in the Thin walls allow for rapid diffusion as there is a SHORTER DIFFUSION DISTANCE
lungs improve efficiency of gaseous exchange.
how does the adaptation of a large number of alveoli in Provides a large surface area
the lungs improve efficiency of gaseous exchange.
how does the adaptation of good blood supply in the Helps to maintain a concentration gradient, allowing for more efficient exchange
lungs improve efficiency of gaseous exchange. of oxygen and waste through diffusion
how does the adaptation of good ventilation in the lungs Supplies oxygen and helps remove carbon dioxide and other waste product.
improve efficiency of gaseous exchange. Maintains steep concentration gradient
List three reasons why a large, multicellular animal, such -They have a small SA:vol ratio
as a mammal, needs a transport system. -Diffusion distance is too great
-Need to be able to supply enough oxygen and nutrients to tissues
-To prevent carbon dioxide and other waste products building up
-Large multicellular animals are very active
State the full name given to a trace showing the Electrocardiogram
electrical activity of the heart.
