NUR 101 Exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
vital signs prevent misdiagnosis, implement planned interventions, evaluate intervention
success, guide medication administration, and detect/monitor medical problems
4 beats per minute rise in temperature by one degree can increase pulse by
temperature measurement of the body's ability to generate and eliminate heat
factors influencing body temperature Age
Exercise
Hormonal influences
Diurnal/daily variations
Stress
Environmental factors
Ingestion
Smoking
Disease, trauma to hypothalamus or spinal cord
core temperature Rectum, tympanic membrane, temporal artery
rectal most reliable temp method
surface temperature (less accurate): Skin, mouth (oral), axilla (armpit)
basal metabolic rate (BMR) Rate at which body uses energy while at rest; estimates minimum calories needed
for basic life functions like breathing and blood circulation
heat producing mechanisms Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Muscle activity
Thyroid hormone (thyroxine)
Testosterone
Sympathetic stimulation
conduction Transfer of heat from body to another surface (e.g., touching someone warm)
convection Heat transferred by air currents, such as wind blowing
evaporation Heat loss through perspiration
radiation Transfer of heat without contact, from body to cold environment
, diaphoresis Visible perspiration on skin (heavy sweating)
facial ventilation Cooling through air movement across face
vasoconstriction preserves heat
vasodilation allows for heat loss
shivering Increases heat production (involuntary muscle contractions)
sweating Increases heat loss through evaporation
vasodilation Allows more blood flow to skin surface for cooling
vasoconstriction Reduces blood flow to skin to preserve heat
Heat stroke, thyroid storm, dehydration, medication Elevated temperature causes(non-infectious):
reactions, increased metabolic demand (hyperthyroidism)
Slowed metabolism, shock, exposure, hypothermia Decreased temperature causes:
infection temperature does not necessarily mean
pulse signifies the regular recurrent expansion and contraction of an artery produced by
pressure waves from blood ejection from the left ventricle during contraction
Lowers heart rate ("rest and digest") parasympathetic nervous system:
raises heart rate ("fight or flight") Sympathetic nervous system:
tachycardia elevated heart rate (sympathetic)
bradycardia decreased heart rate (parasympathetic)
factors influencing pulse rate Acute pain
Anxiety
Age
Exercise
Fever
Hemorrhage
Medications
Metabolism
Postural changes
Poor oxygenation
Pulmonary conditions
Unrelieved severe pain:
Acute pain
pulse deficit assessment Requires TWO nurses working simultaneously
One nurse listens to apical pulse (at heart)
Second nurse palpates radial pulse
Both must assess for full 60 seconds
Answers
vital signs prevent misdiagnosis, implement planned interventions, evaluate intervention
success, guide medication administration, and detect/monitor medical problems
4 beats per minute rise in temperature by one degree can increase pulse by
temperature measurement of the body's ability to generate and eliminate heat
factors influencing body temperature Age
Exercise
Hormonal influences
Diurnal/daily variations
Stress
Environmental factors
Ingestion
Smoking
Disease, trauma to hypothalamus or spinal cord
core temperature Rectum, tympanic membrane, temporal artery
rectal most reliable temp method
surface temperature (less accurate): Skin, mouth (oral), axilla (armpit)
basal metabolic rate (BMR) Rate at which body uses energy while at rest; estimates minimum calories needed
for basic life functions like breathing and blood circulation
heat producing mechanisms Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Muscle activity
Thyroid hormone (thyroxine)
Testosterone
Sympathetic stimulation
conduction Transfer of heat from body to another surface (e.g., touching someone warm)
convection Heat transferred by air currents, such as wind blowing
evaporation Heat loss through perspiration
radiation Transfer of heat without contact, from body to cold environment
, diaphoresis Visible perspiration on skin (heavy sweating)
facial ventilation Cooling through air movement across face
vasoconstriction preserves heat
vasodilation allows for heat loss
shivering Increases heat production (involuntary muscle contractions)
sweating Increases heat loss through evaporation
vasodilation Allows more blood flow to skin surface for cooling
vasoconstriction Reduces blood flow to skin to preserve heat
Heat stroke, thyroid storm, dehydration, medication Elevated temperature causes(non-infectious):
reactions, increased metabolic demand (hyperthyroidism)
Slowed metabolism, shock, exposure, hypothermia Decreased temperature causes:
infection temperature does not necessarily mean
pulse signifies the regular recurrent expansion and contraction of an artery produced by
pressure waves from blood ejection from the left ventricle during contraction
Lowers heart rate ("rest and digest") parasympathetic nervous system:
raises heart rate ("fight or flight") Sympathetic nervous system:
tachycardia elevated heart rate (sympathetic)
bradycardia decreased heart rate (parasympathetic)
factors influencing pulse rate Acute pain
Anxiety
Age
Exercise
Fever
Hemorrhage
Medications
Metabolism
Postural changes
Poor oxygenation
Pulmonary conditions
Unrelieved severe pain:
Acute pain
pulse deficit assessment Requires TWO nurses working simultaneously
One nurse listens to apical pulse (at heart)
Second nurse palpates radial pulse
Both must assess for full 60 seconds
