NUR 190 EXAM 3 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What are the common styles of parenting that nurses Authoritarian parents
may encounter? Authoritative parents
Permissive parents
Authoritarian parenting These parents have rules. They expect obedience from the child w/o any
question about reasons behind the rule. Children are also expected to accept
the family beliefs and principles without question. Give and take is discouraged.
(kids tend to be shy and withdrawn b/c of a lack of self confidence. If parents
are somewhat affectionate, the child may be sensitive, submissive, honest, and
dependable. However, if affection has been withheld, the child may exhibit
rebellious, antisocial behavior)
Authoritative parenting They have rules, but show respect to the child when they don't understand.
They DO permit discussion, whereas authoritarian does not. (this type of
parenting results in children who have high self-esteem and are independent,
inquisitive, happy, assertive, and highly interactive.)
Permissive parenting A decrease or a low demand and a high responsiveness. They have very few
guidelines/rules and they've often referred to the child as more of a friend.
They have little or no control over the behavior of their children. If any rules
exist, they are inconsistent and unclear. Children are generally allowed to
decide whether they'll follow the rules. Roles reverse: children are more like
the parents, and parents are like the children. (these kids are usually
disrespectful, disobedient, aggressive, irresponsible, and defiant. Tend to be
insecure b/c of a lack of guidelines. They're also creative and spontaneous)
Internal coping behaviors Family relationship strategies, cognitive strategies, and communication
strategies
,External coping behaviors Focus on maintaining active community linkages and using social support
systems and spiritual strategies
Internal Coping Strategies Relationship Strategies:
-family group reliance
-greater sharing together
-role flexibility
Cognitive Strategies:
-normalizing
-controlling the meaning of the problem by reframing and passive appraisal
-joint problem solving
-gaining of information and knowledge
Communication Strategies:
-being open and honest
-use of humor and laughter
External Coping Strategies Community Strategy:
-maintaining active linkages with the community
Social Support Strategies:
-extended family
-friends
-neighbors
-self-help groups
-formal social supports
Spiritual Strategies:
-seeking advice of clergy
-becoming more involved in religious activities
-having faith in God
-prayer
What are the effects of an ill child on the family? The parent's grieving may be long-term as they repeatedly see other children
doing things that their children cannot and perhaps will not ever do. These
families suffer financial hardship (health insurance benefits may quickly reach
their max and the family may experience a decrease in income b/c one parent
must remain home with the sick child). Strains on the marriage occur as well as
on the parents' relationships w/ their other children. Parents have little
time/energy left to nurture their relationship w/ each other and divorce may
add another strain to the family. Siblings may resent the parental time required
for care of the ill child, yet feel guilty if they express that.
, Describe the components of effective communication -Touch: touch can convey warmth, comfort, reassurance, security, trust, caring,
with children and support. In infancy, messages of love, security, and comfort are conveyed
through holding, cuddling, gentle stroking, and patting. Infants can't understant
words, but can sense emotional support, and can feel, interpret, and respond
to gentle, loving, supportive hands caring for them. Toddlers and preschoolers
find it soothing to be held, rocked, and gently stroked on the head, back, arms,
and legs. School-age and adolescents like giving/receiving hugs, getting pat
on the back, or a gentle hand on the hand.
-Physical Proximity and Environment: Children's comfort with their surroundings
affect communication. Children are usually most at ease in their homes. In an
unfamiliar environment, they get more anxiety.
-Listening: This is important b/c messages given must be received for
communication to be complete. Nurses need to be attentive, clarify through
reflection, empathetic, and impartial.
-Visual Communication: Eye contact is a communication connector. It helps
confirm attention and interest between people. Clothing, physical appearance,
and objects being held are also visual communicators. Use various methods of
presenting info if the patient is a visual learner.
-Tone of Voice: Since infants' cognitive understanding of words is limited, their
understanding is based on tone and quality of voice. A soft, smooth voice is
comforting.
-Body Language: An open body stance and positioning invite communication
and interaction
-Timing: Recognize the appropriate time to communicate info. to where the
session will be more productive
Describe effective strategies for communicating with
children with special needs.
Piaget's Periods of Cognitive Development Period 1 (birth-2 yr): Sensorimotor Period:
-Reflexive behavior is used to adapt to the environment; egocentric view of the
world; development of object permanence.
Period 2 (2-7 yr): Preoperational Thought:
Thinking remains egocentric, becomes magical, and is dominated by
perception
Period 3 (7-11 yr): Concrete Operations:
Thinking becomes more systematic and logical, but concrete objects and
activities are needed.
Period 4 (11 yr-adulthood): Formal Operations:
New ideas can be created; situations can be analyzed; use of abstract and
futuristic thinking; understands logical consequences of behavior.
Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development Oral Stage:
Mouth is a sensory organ; infant takes in and explores during oral passive
substage (first half of infancy); infant strikes out with teeth during oral
aggressive substage (latter half of infancy)
Anal Stage:
Major focus of sexual interest is anus; control of body functions is a major
feature
Phallic or Oedipal/Electra Stage:
Genitals become focus of sexual curiosity; superego (conscience) develops;
feelings of guilt emerge
Latency Stage:
Sexual feelings are firmly repressed by the superego; period of relative calm
Puberty or Genital Stage:
Stimulated by increasing hormone levels; sexual energy wells up in full force,
resulting in personal and family turmoil.
Answers
What are the common styles of parenting that nurses Authoritarian parents
may encounter? Authoritative parents
Permissive parents
Authoritarian parenting These parents have rules. They expect obedience from the child w/o any
question about reasons behind the rule. Children are also expected to accept
the family beliefs and principles without question. Give and take is discouraged.
(kids tend to be shy and withdrawn b/c of a lack of self confidence. If parents
are somewhat affectionate, the child may be sensitive, submissive, honest, and
dependable. However, if affection has been withheld, the child may exhibit
rebellious, antisocial behavior)
Authoritative parenting They have rules, but show respect to the child when they don't understand.
They DO permit discussion, whereas authoritarian does not. (this type of
parenting results in children who have high self-esteem and are independent,
inquisitive, happy, assertive, and highly interactive.)
Permissive parenting A decrease or a low demand and a high responsiveness. They have very few
guidelines/rules and they've often referred to the child as more of a friend.
They have little or no control over the behavior of their children. If any rules
exist, they are inconsistent and unclear. Children are generally allowed to
decide whether they'll follow the rules. Roles reverse: children are more like
the parents, and parents are like the children. (these kids are usually
disrespectful, disobedient, aggressive, irresponsible, and defiant. Tend to be
insecure b/c of a lack of guidelines. They're also creative and spontaneous)
Internal coping behaviors Family relationship strategies, cognitive strategies, and communication
strategies
,External coping behaviors Focus on maintaining active community linkages and using social support
systems and spiritual strategies
Internal Coping Strategies Relationship Strategies:
-family group reliance
-greater sharing together
-role flexibility
Cognitive Strategies:
-normalizing
-controlling the meaning of the problem by reframing and passive appraisal
-joint problem solving
-gaining of information and knowledge
Communication Strategies:
-being open and honest
-use of humor and laughter
External Coping Strategies Community Strategy:
-maintaining active linkages with the community
Social Support Strategies:
-extended family
-friends
-neighbors
-self-help groups
-formal social supports
Spiritual Strategies:
-seeking advice of clergy
-becoming more involved in religious activities
-having faith in God
-prayer
What are the effects of an ill child on the family? The parent's grieving may be long-term as they repeatedly see other children
doing things that their children cannot and perhaps will not ever do. These
families suffer financial hardship (health insurance benefits may quickly reach
their max and the family may experience a decrease in income b/c one parent
must remain home with the sick child). Strains on the marriage occur as well as
on the parents' relationships w/ their other children. Parents have little
time/energy left to nurture their relationship w/ each other and divorce may
add another strain to the family. Siblings may resent the parental time required
for care of the ill child, yet feel guilty if they express that.
, Describe the components of effective communication -Touch: touch can convey warmth, comfort, reassurance, security, trust, caring,
with children and support. In infancy, messages of love, security, and comfort are conveyed
through holding, cuddling, gentle stroking, and patting. Infants can't understant
words, but can sense emotional support, and can feel, interpret, and respond
to gentle, loving, supportive hands caring for them. Toddlers and preschoolers
find it soothing to be held, rocked, and gently stroked on the head, back, arms,
and legs. School-age and adolescents like giving/receiving hugs, getting pat
on the back, or a gentle hand on the hand.
-Physical Proximity and Environment: Children's comfort with their surroundings
affect communication. Children are usually most at ease in their homes. In an
unfamiliar environment, they get more anxiety.
-Listening: This is important b/c messages given must be received for
communication to be complete. Nurses need to be attentive, clarify through
reflection, empathetic, and impartial.
-Visual Communication: Eye contact is a communication connector. It helps
confirm attention and interest between people. Clothing, physical appearance,
and objects being held are also visual communicators. Use various methods of
presenting info if the patient is a visual learner.
-Tone of Voice: Since infants' cognitive understanding of words is limited, their
understanding is based on tone and quality of voice. A soft, smooth voice is
comforting.
-Body Language: An open body stance and positioning invite communication
and interaction
-Timing: Recognize the appropriate time to communicate info. to where the
session will be more productive
Describe effective strategies for communicating with
children with special needs.
Piaget's Periods of Cognitive Development Period 1 (birth-2 yr): Sensorimotor Period:
-Reflexive behavior is used to adapt to the environment; egocentric view of the
world; development of object permanence.
Period 2 (2-7 yr): Preoperational Thought:
Thinking remains egocentric, becomes magical, and is dominated by
perception
Period 3 (7-11 yr): Concrete Operations:
Thinking becomes more systematic and logical, but concrete objects and
activities are needed.
Period 4 (11 yr-adulthood): Formal Operations:
New ideas can be created; situations can be analyzed; use of abstract and
futuristic thinking; understands logical consequences of behavior.
Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development Oral Stage:
Mouth is a sensory organ; infant takes in and explores during oral passive
substage (first half of infancy); infant strikes out with teeth during oral
aggressive substage (latter half of infancy)
Anal Stage:
Major focus of sexual interest is anus; control of body functions is a major
feature
Phallic or Oedipal/Electra Stage:
Genitals become focus of sexual curiosity; superego (conscience) develops;
feelings of guilt emerge
Latency Stage:
Sexual feelings are firmly repressed by the superego; period of relative calm
Puberty or Genital Stage:
Stimulated by increasing hormone levels; sexual energy wells up in full force,
resulting in personal and family turmoil.
