RUTGERS BIO 116 EXAM
2 2026/2027 ACTUAL QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS.
What is the function of the acrosomal reaction?
a. Trigger nuclear fusion
b. Restart second meiotic division
c. Prevent polyspermy
d. Help sperm penetrate protective layers of egg/oocyte
e. Initiate cleavage - correct answer-d. help sperm penetrate
protective layers of egg/oocyte
Correctly sequence human fertilization.
I. Karyogamy
II. Cleavage
III. Plasmogamy
IV. Slow block completes
V. Acrosomal reaction - correct answer-V - III - IV - I - II
,acrosomal reaction - correct answer-starts with sperm contact -
proteins on sperm bind to egg protein - binding triggers
acrosomal reaction - acrosome dissolves outer layer
acrosome - correct answer-bag of enzymes at top of sperm
cortical granules - correct answer-special vesicles, release
enzymes
polyspermy - correct answer-too many sperms
structures that surround egg - correct answer-plasma
membrane, zona pellucida, follicle cells
sperm + egg PM contact = plasmogamy triggers -> - correct
answer-slow block and cortical reaction
slow block (cortical reaction) - correct answer-I. Ca2+ release in
egg cytoplasm from ER
,2. Ca2+ triggers -> cortical granules
3. Enzymes catalyze changes in ZP
Ectoderm - correct answer-outermost germ layer; produces
sense organs, nerves, outer layer of skin, brain
Endoderm - correct answer-the inner germ layer that develops
into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
Mesoderm - correct answer-middle germ layer; develops into
muscles, and much of the circulatory, reproductive, and
excretory systems
Egg Activation - correct answer-1. start of embryonic
development
2. Triggered by rise of Ca2+ during cortical reaction
3. Egg activation: increase cell resp., maternal enzymes,
increase protein synth., several hours pass, sperm nucleus
guided to egg
4. Kayogamy
, Correctly sequence the stages of bird development
I. Karyogamy
II. Epiblast forms
III. Mesoderm forms
IV. Formation of primitive streak
V. Cleavage - correct answer-I - V - II - IV - III
cleavage - correct answer-mitotic cell division
cleavage is characterized by - correct answer-rapid molecules,
very short/no G1 or G2 phases, no growth/protein synthesis
cleavage furrow - correct answer-indentation during cytokinesis
animal pole - correct answer-embryo
vegetal pole - correct answer-yolk rich pole
2 2026/2027 ACTUAL QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS.
What is the function of the acrosomal reaction?
a. Trigger nuclear fusion
b. Restart second meiotic division
c. Prevent polyspermy
d. Help sperm penetrate protective layers of egg/oocyte
e. Initiate cleavage - correct answer-d. help sperm penetrate
protective layers of egg/oocyte
Correctly sequence human fertilization.
I. Karyogamy
II. Cleavage
III. Plasmogamy
IV. Slow block completes
V. Acrosomal reaction - correct answer-V - III - IV - I - II
,acrosomal reaction - correct answer-starts with sperm contact -
proteins on sperm bind to egg protein - binding triggers
acrosomal reaction - acrosome dissolves outer layer
acrosome - correct answer-bag of enzymes at top of sperm
cortical granules - correct answer-special vesicles, release
enzymes
polyspermy - correct answer-too many sperms
structures that surround egg - correct answer-plasma
membrane, zona pellucida, follicle cells
sperm + egg PM contact = plasmogamy triggers -> - correct
answer-slow block and cortical reaction
slow block (cortical reaction) - correct answer-I. Ca2+ release in
egg cytoplasm from ER
,2. Ca2+ triggers -> cortical granules
3. Enzymes catalyze changes in ZP
Ectoderm - correct answer-outermost germ layer; produces
sense organs, nerves, outer layer of skin, brain
Endoderm - correct answer-the inner germ layer that develops
into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
Mesoderm - correct answer-middle germ layer; develops into
muscles, and much of the circulatory, reproductive, and
excretory systems
Egg Activation - correct answer-1. start of embryonic
development
2. Triggered by rise of Ca2+ during cortical reaction
3. Egg activation: increase cell resp., maternal enzymes,
increase protein synth., several hours pass, sperm nucleus
guided to egg
4. Kayogamy
, Correctly sequence the stages of bird development
I. Karyogamy
II. Epiblast forms
III. Mesoderm forms
IV. Formation of primitive streak
V. Cleavage - correct answer-I - V - II - IV - III
cleavage - correct answer-mitotic cell division
cleavage is characterized by - correct answer-rapid molecules,
very short/no G1 or G2 phases, no growth/protein synthesis
cleavage furrow - correct answer-indentation during cytokinesis
animal pole - correct answer-embryo
vegetal pole - correct answer-yolk rich pole
