RUTGERS BIO 116 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
(FALL) 2026/2027 ACTUAL QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Eukaryote Supergroups - correct answer-Excavata,
Chromalveolata, Rhizaria, Archaeplastida, Opistokoanta,
Amoebozoa
Ectoderm - correct answer-outermost germ layer; produces
sense organs, nerves, and outer layer of skin
Endoderm - correct answer-the inner germ layer that develops
into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
Mesoderm - correct answer-middle germ layer; develops into
muscles, and much of the circulatory, reproductive, and
excretory systems
Diploblastic - correct answer-having two germ layers; ectoderm
and endoderm
,Triploblastic - correct answer-has three germ layers: the
ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.
Coelom - correct answer-fluid-filled body cavity lined with
mesoderm
Acoelomate - correct answer-an animal that lacks a coelom, or
body cavity
Still triploblastic! But lack a coelem
Pseudocoelomate - correct answer-NOT COMPLETELY
LINED. An animal whose body cavity is lined by tissue derived
from mesoderm and endoderm.
Eucoelomate - correct answer-An organism that has a
complete body cavity where the ectoderm and the endoderm is
lined by mesoderm
,Advantages of coelom - correct answer-- cushions internal
organs
- organs grow and move independent of body wall
- muscular gut - more complex
- acts as a hydrostatic skeleton for support
Gastrulation - correct answer-The process by which a blastula
develops into a gastrula with the formation of three embryonic
layers
Process of animal development - correct answer-Cleavage,
coelem formation, fate of blastopore
Protostomes vs. Deuterostomes - correct answer-Protostomes:
blastopore develops into the mouth
Deuterostomes: blastopore develops into the anus
Protostomes - correct answer-Cleavage: spiral
Determinate: developmental fate rigid if a cell is removed (adult
lacks parts)
, Solid masses of mesoderm split to form coelem
1st mouth then anus
Deuterostomes - correct answer-Cleavage: radial
Indeterminate: each cell in early divisions able to develop into a
complete embryo
Folds of mesoderm from archenteron form coelom
Anus develops from blastopore (mouth 2nd)
If it has a coelom it must be - correct answer-triploblasty
No mesoderm = - correct answer-No coelom
Phylum Porifera - correct answer-least complex
Aka sponges; means animal that contains holes "por-
ifera=pores" are sessile feeders (stuck to the ground, eating
what comes near them);
(FALL) 2026/2027 ACTUAL QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Eukaryote Supergroups - correct answer-Excavata,
Chromalveolata, Rhizaria, Archaeplastida, Opistokoanta,
Amoebozoa
Ectoderm - correct answer-outermost germ layer; produces
sense organs, nerves, and outer layer of skin
Endoderm - correct answer-the inner germ layer that develops
into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
Mesoderm - correct answer-middle germ layer; develops into
muscles, and much of the circulatory, reproductive, and
excretory systems
Diploblastic - correct answer-having two germ layers; ectoderm
and endoderm
,Triploblastic - correct answer-has three germ layers: the
ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.
Coelom - correct answer-fluid-filled body cavity lined with
mesoderm
Acoelomate - correct answer-an animal that lacks a coelom, or
body cavity
Still triploblastic! But lack a coelem
Pseudocoelomate - correct answer-NOT COMPLETELY
LINED. An animal whose body cavity is lined by tissue derived
from mesoderm and endoderm.
Eucoelomate - correct answer-An organism that has a
complete body cavity where the ectoderm and the endoderm is
lined by mesoderm
,Advantages of coelom - correct answer-- cushions internal
organs
- organs grow and move independent of body wall
- muscular gut - more complex
- acts as a hydrostatic skeleton for support
Gastrulation - correct answer-The process by which a blastula
develops into a gastrula with the formation of three embryonic
layers
Process of animal development - correct answer-Cleavage,
coelem formation, fate of blastopore
Protostomes vs. Deuterostomes - correct answer-Protostomes:
blastopore develops into the mouth
Deuterostomes: blastopore develops into the anus
Protostomes - correct answer-Cleavage: spiral
Determinate: developmental fate rigid if a cell is removed (adult
lacks parts)
, Solid masses of mesoderm split to form coelem
1st mouth then anus
Deuterostomes - correct answer-Cleavage: radial
Indeterminate: each cell in early divisions able to develop into a
complete embryo
Folds of mesoderm from archenteron form coelom
Anus develops from blastopore (mouth 2nd)
If it has a coelom it must be - correct answer-triploblasty
No mesoderm = - correct answer-No coelom
Phylum Porifera - correct answer-least complex
Aka sponges; means animal that contains holes "por-
ifera=pores" are sessile feeders (stuck to the ground, eating
what comes near them);
