Nurs 212 Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER -the wasting or shrinkage of a muscle or organ, can be caused by a fracture
contracture - CORRECT ANSWER -a permanent contracted state of muscle, cant be undone and passive ROM is
important
flaccidity - CORRECT ANSWER -a weakened muscle tone and sometimes complete loss, different levels
footdrop - CORRECT ANSWER -extended plantar flexion, bed rest patients are at high risk for this and causes
high risk of falls
orthopedics - CORRECT ANSWER -Branch of medicine treating disorders of the skeletal system and tissues
related to movement
paresis - CORRECT ANSWER -weakening of muscles
paralysis - CORRECT ANSWER -absense or loss of muscle function
passive exercise - CORRECT ANSWER -the patient is unable to move independently, the nurse moves each joint
through its range of motion
range of motion - CORRECT ANSWER -complete movement a joint is able to move (active or passive)
spasticity - CORRECT ANSWER -increased muscle tone (tightness, stiffness, muscle pull)
tonus - CORRECT ANSWER -a normal state of muscle contraction
abduction - CORRECT ANSWER -movement away from the midline
adduction - CORRECT ANSWER -movement toward the midline
circumduction - CORRECT ANSWER -circular movement of a limb at the far end
flexion - CORRECT ANSWER -Decreases the angle of a joint
extension - CORRECT ANSWER -Straightening of a joint
hyperextension - CORRECT ANSWER -an exaggerated extension >180 degrees
dorsiflexion - CORRECT ANSWER -Backward flexion, as in bending backward either a hand or foot
plantar flexion - CORRECT ANSWER -bends the foot downward at the ankle
rotation - CORRECT ANSWER -turning on an axis
internal rotation - CORRECT ANSWER -turning the joint inward
external rotation - CORRECT ANSWER -turning the joint outward
inversion - CORRECT ANSWER -Turning the sole of the foot inward
eversion - CORRECT ANSWER -turning the sole of the foot outward
skeletal muscles - CORRECT ANSWER -muscles attached to bone that cause body movements
, cardiac muscles - CORRECT ANSWER -found only in the heart
smooth muscles - CORRECT ANSWER -muscles that act on the lining of the body's passageways and hollow
internal organs
functions of muscles - CORRECT ANSWER -motion, posture, support soft tissues, heat production, and maintain
body temp
effect of nervous system of muscle contraction - CORRECT ANSWER -Neurons conduct impulses from one part
of the body to another.
The afferent nervous system conveys information to the CNS.
Information is processed by the CNS leading to a response.
The efferent neurons convey the response from the CNS to skeletal muscles by way of the somatic nervous system
good posture permits: - CORRECT ANSWER -musculoskeletal balance and healthy functioning, balanced and
coordinated movement (decreases risk for injury
labyrinth sense - CORRECT ANSWER -the sensory organs in the inner ear, provides a sense of orientation,
position and movement
proprioceptor or kinesthetic sense - CORRECT ANSWER -joint movement stimulating nerve endings in the
muscles and tendons that inform the brain of the location of the limb
visual/optic reflexes - CORRECT ANSWER -visual impressions contribute to posture by alerting the person to
spatial relationships with the environment
extensor/stretch reflexes - CORRECT ANSWER -extensor muscles are stretched beyond a certain point and causes
a reflex contraction
Ergonomics - CORRECT ANSWER -practice of designing equipment and work tasks to conform to the capability
of the worker and providing a means for adjusting the work environment and work practices to prevent injuries
variables that can lead to pt. handling injury - CORRECT ANSWER -uncoordinated lifts, high exertion, awkward
postures, manual lifting, repetitive movements
patient care ergonomics - CORRECT ANSWER -practice of designing equipment and work tasks to conform to the
capability of the worker in relation to patient care
how does physical health influence mobility? - CORRECT ANSWER -acute and chronic can affect posture and
movements (hip dysplasia, kyphosis, scoliosis, osteoporosis, arthritis, parkinsons, COPD)
how can lifestyle influence mobility? - CORRECT ANSWER -active, eat well, good body weight, good mobility
compared to sedintary
isotonic - CORRECT ANSWER -muscle shortening and active movement (muscle length changing)
isometric - CORRECT ANSWER -muscle contraction without shortening (yoga, plank)
isokinetic - CORRECT ANSWER -muscle contraction with resistance (continuous passive motion device
how does exercise effect the cardiovascular system? - CORRECT ANSWER -increases efficiency to the heart
increases blood flow with less effort, regular exercise decreases HR and BP, increase blood flow and venous return
pooling of blood - CORRECT ANSWER -Accumulation of blood in lower extremities.
how does exercise effect the musculoskeletal system? - CORRECT ANSWER -increases muscle mass tone and
strength
helps with joint mobility, better coordination and reduces bone loss
and CORRECT Answers
atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER -the wasting or shrinkage of a muscle or organ, can be caused by a fracture
contracture - CORRECT ANSWER -a permanent contracted state of muscle, cant be undone and passive ROM is
important
flaccidity - CORRECT ANSWER -a weakened muscle tone and sometimes complete loss, different levels
footdrop - CORRECT ANSWER -extended plantar flexion, bed rest patients are at high risk for this and causes
high risk of falls
orthopedics - CORRECT ANSWER -Branch of medicine treating disorders of the skeletal system and tissues
related to movement
paresis - CORRECT ANSWER -weakening of muscles
paralysis - CORRECT ANSWER -absense or loss of muscle function
passive exercise - CORRECT ANSWER -the patient is unable to move independently, the nurse moves each joint
through its range of motion
range of motion - CORRECT ANSWER -complete movement a joint is able to move (active or passive)
spasticity - CORRECT ANSWER -increased muscle tone (tightness, stiffness, muscle pull)
tonus - CORRECT ANSWER -a normal state of muscle contraction
abduction - CORRECT ANSWER -movement away from the midline
adduction - CORRECT ANSWER -movement toward the midline
circumduction - CORRECT ANSWER -circular movement of a limb at the far end
flexion - CORRECT ANSWER -Decreases the angle of a joint
extension - CORRECT ANSWER -Straightening of a joint
hyperextension - CORRECT ANSWER -an exaggerated extension >180 degrees
dorsiflexion - CORRECT ANSWER -Backward flexion, as in bending backward either a hand or foot
plantar flexion - CORRECT ANSWER -bends the foot downward at the ankle
rotation - CORRECT ANSWER -turning on an axis
internal rotation - CORRECT ANSWER -turning the joint inward
external rotation - CORRECT ANSWER -turning the joint outward
inversion - CORRECT ANSWER -Turning the sole of the foot inward
eversion - CORRECT ANSWER -turning the sole of the foot outward
skeletal muscles - CORRECT ANSWER -muscles attached to bone that cause body movements
, cardiac muscles - CORRECT ANSWER -found only in the heart
smooth muscles - CORRECT ANSWER -muscles that act on the lining of the body's passageways and hollow
internal organs
functions of muscles - CORRECT ANSWER -motion, posture, support soft tissues, heat production, and maintain
body temp
effect of nervous system of muscle contraction - CORRECT ANSWER -Neurons conduct impulses from one part
of the body to another.
The afferent nervous system conveys information to the CNS.
Information is processed by the CNS leading to a response.
The efferent neurons convey the response from the CNS to skeletal muscles by way of the somatic nervous system
good posture permits: - CORRECT ANSWER -musculoskeletal balance and healthy functioning, balanced and
coordinated movement (decreases risk for injury
labyrinth sense - CORRECT ANSWER -the sensory organs in the inner ear, provides a sense of orientation,
position and movement
proprioceptor or kinesthetic sense - CORRECT ANSWER -joint movement stimulating nerve endings in the
muscles and tendons that inform the brain of the location of the limb
visual/optic reflexes - CORRECT ANSWER -visual impressions contribute to posture by alerting the person to
spatial relationships with the environment
extensor/stretch reflexes - CORRECT ANSWER -extensor muscles are stretched beyond a certain point and causes
a reflex contraction
Ergonomics - CORRECT ANSWER -practice of designing equipment and work tasks to conform to the capability
of the worker and providing a means for adjusting the work environment and work practices to prevent injuries
variables that can lead to pt. handling injury - CORRECT ANSWER -uncoordinated lifts, high exertion, awkward
postures, manual lifting, repetitive movements
patient care ergonomics - CORRECT ANSWER -practice of designing equipment and work tasks to conform to the
capability of the worker in relation to patient care
how does physical health influence mobility? - CORRECT ANSWER -acute and chronic can affect posture and
movements (hip dysplasia, kyphosis, scoliosis, osteoporosis, arthritis, parkinsons, COPD)
how can lifestyle influence mobility? - CORRECT ANSWER -active, eat well, good body weight, good mobility
compared to sedintary
isotonic - CORRECT ANSWER -muscle shortening and active movement (muscle length changing)
isometric - CORRECT ANSWER -muscle contraction without shortening (yoga, plank)
isokinetic - CORRECT ANSWER -muscle contraction with resistance (continuous passive motion device
how does exercise effect the cardiovascular system? - CORRECT ANSWER -increases efficiency to the heart
increases blood flow with less effort, regular exercise decreases HR and BP, increase blood flow and venous return
pooling of blood - CORRECT ANSWER -Accumulation of blood in lower extremities.
how does exercise effect the musculoskeletal system? - CORRECT ANSWER -increases muscle mass tone and
strength
helps with joint mobility, better coordination and reduces bone loss
