NURS 225 Final Exam Review UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWER Programmed cell death of damaged or excess cells.
Necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER Premature cell death not selective for damaged cells.
Lymphocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER Increased lymphocyte count, indicative of infection.
Passive acquired immunity - CORRECT ANSWER Immunity without antibody production by the individual.
Neutrophils - CORRECT ANSWER First responders to bacterial infections in the body.
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) - CORRECT ANSWER Crosses placenta, provides passive immunity to infants.
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) - CORRECT ANSWER Found in secretions like breast milk and saliva.
Prodromal phase - CORRECT ANSWER Early infection stage with vague symptoms and contagious.
Histamine - CORRECT ANSWER Mediates vasodilation and increased venule permeability.
Humoral immunity - CORRECT ANSWER B-cell response producing antibodies against foreign invaders.
Type I hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER Immediate allergic reactions like rhinitis and anaphylaxis.
Neurohormonal response - CORRECT ANSWER Physiological changes due to stress hormone release.
Eosinophils - CORRECT ANSWER White blood cells responding primarily to parasitic infections.
Basophils - CORRECT ANSWER White blood cells involved in allergic responses.
Platelets - CORRECT ANSWER Cells responsible for blood clotting during injury.
Atypical lymphocytes - CORRECT ANSWER Abnormal lymphocytes often seen in viral infections.
Cervical lymphadenopathy - CORRECT ANSWER Swollen lymph nodes in the neck region.
Acute pharyngitis - CORRECT ANSWER Inflammation of the throat, often due to infection.
Cellulitis - CORRECT ANSWER Bacterial skin infection causing redness and swelling.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - CORRECT ANSWER Bacterial strain resistant to common
antibiotics.
Inflammatory response - CORRECT ANSWER Body's reaction to injury or infection involving immune cells.
Colostrum - CORRECT ANSWER First milk produced post-delivery, rich in antibodies.
B-cell proliferation - CORRECT ANSWER B-cells multiply to produce antibodies when activated.
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) - CORRECT ANSWER Selye's model of stress response stages.
Exhaustion Stage - CORRECT ANSWER Final stage of GAS, body cannot cope.
Alarm Stage - CORRECT ANSWER Initial reaction to stress, fight or flight.
, Resistance Stage - CORRECT ANSWER Body adapts to stress, maintaining homeostasis.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) - CORRECT ANSWER Hormone stimulating cortisol release during stress.
Cortisol - CORRECT ANSWER Stress hormone, increases blood sugar levels.
Eustress - CORRECT ANSWER Positive stress enhancing motivation and focus.
Distress - CORRECT ANSWER Negative stress causing anxiety and health issues.
Pneumonectomy - CORRECT ANSWER Surgical removal of an entire lung.
Kussmaul's Breathing - CORRECT ANSWER Rapid breathing compensating for metabolic acidosis.
Common Cold - CORRECT ANSWER Viral infection causing nasal congestion and discharge.
Influenza - CORRECT ANSWER Viral infection with fever and dry cough.
Bacterial Sinusitis - CORRECT ANSWER Sinus infection often with colored nasal discharge.
Bacterial Pneumonia - CORRECT ANSWER Lung infection with fever and crackling sounds.
Metabolic Acidosis - CORRECT ANSWER Condition where blood pH decreases due to acid.
Acid-Base Disturbance - CORRECT ANSWER Imbalance in body's pH levels affecting health.
Respiratory Infection - CORRECT ANSWER Infection affecting the airways and lungs.
Hypoxemia - CORRECT ANSWER Low oxygen levels in the blood.
Hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER Elevated potassium levels in the blood.
Acute Renal Failure - CORRECT ANSWER Sudden loss of kidney function.
pH Levels - CORRECT ANSWER Measure of acidity or alkalinity in blood.
HCO3- - CORRECT ANSWER Bicarbonate level indicating metabolic status.
Bronchogenic carcinoma - CORRECT ANSWER Lung cancer originating from bronchial epithelium.
Nausea - CORRECT ANSWER Feeling of unease and urge to vomit.
Pain scale - CORRECT ANSWER 0-10 scale measuring pain intensity.
pH level - CORRECT ANSWER Measure of acidity or alkalinity in blood.
HCO3 - CORRECT ANSWER Bicarbonate level indicating metabolic status.
PaCO2 - CORRECT ANSWER Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood.
Uncompensated metabolic acidosis - CORRECT ANSWER Acidosis without respiratory compensation.
Third spacing - CORRECT ANSWER Fluid accumulation in non-functional body spaces.
Active tuberculosis - CORRECT ANSWER Infectious disease affecting the lungs.
Clinical manifestations - CORRECT ANSWER Signs and symptoms observed in a patient.
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWER Programmed cell death of damaged or excess cells.
Necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER Premature cell death not selective for damaged cells.
Lymphocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER Increased lymphocyte count, indicative of infection.
Passive acquired immunity - CORRECT ANSWER Immunity without antibody production by the individual.
Neutrophils - CORRECT ANSWER First responders to bacterial infections in the body.
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) - CORRECT ANSWER Crosses placenta, provides passive immunity to infants.
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) - CORRECT ANSWER Found in secretions like breast milk and saliva.
Prodromal phase - CORRECT ANSWER Early infection stage with vague symptoms and contagious.
Histamine - CORRECT ANSWER Mediates vasodilation and increased venule permeability.
Humoral immunity - CORRECT ANSWER B-cell response producing antibodies against foreign invaders.
Type I hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER Immediate allergic reactions like rhinitis and anaphylaxis.
Neurohormonal response - CORRECT ANSWER Physiological changes due to stress hormone release.
Eosinophils - CORRECT ANSWER White blood cells responding primarily to parasitic infections.
Basophils - CORRECT ANSWER White blood cells involved in allergic responses.
Platelets - CORRECT ANSWER Cells responsible for blood clotting during injury.
Atypical lymphocytes - CORRECT ANSWER Abnormal lymphocytes often seen in viral infections.
Cervical lymphadenopathy - CORRECT ANSWER Swollen lymph nodes in the neck region.
Acute pharyngitis - CORRECT ANSWER Inflammation of the throat, often due to infection.
Cellulitis - CORRECT ANSWER Bacterial skin infection causing redness and swelling.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - CORRECT ANSWER Bacterial strain resistant to common
antibiotics.
Inflammatory response - CORRECT ANSWER Body's reaction to injury or infection involving immune cells.
Colostrum - CORRECT ANSWER First milk produced post-delivery, rich in antibodies.
B-cell proliferation - CORRECT ANSWER B-cells multiply to produce antibodies when activated.
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) - CORRECT ANSWER Selye's model of stress response stages.
Exhaustion Stage - CORRECT ANSWER Final stage of GAS, body cannot cope.
Alarm Stage - CORRECT ANSWER Initial reaction to stress, fight or flight.
, Resistance Stage - CORRECT ANSWER Body adapts to stress, maintaining homeostasis.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) - CORRECT ANSWER Hormone stimulating cortisol release during stress.
Cortisol - CORRECT ANSWER Stress hormone, increases blood sugar levels.
Eustress - CORRECT ANSWER Positive stress enhancing motivation and focus.
Distress - CORRECT ANSWER Negative stress causing anxiety and health issues.
Pneumonectomy - CORRECT ANSWER Surgical removal of an entire lung.
Kussmaul's Breathing - CORRECT ANSWER Rapid breathing compensating for metabolic acidosis.
Common Cold - CORRECT ANSWER Viral infection causing nasal congestion and discharge.
Influenza - CORRECT ANSWER Viral infection with fever and dry cough.
Bacterial Sinusitis - CORRECT ANSWER Sinus infection often with colored nasal discharge.
Bacterial Pneumonia - CORRECT ANSWER Lung infection with fever and crackling sounds.
Metabolic Acidosis - CORRECT ANSWER Condition where blood pH decreases due to acid.
Acid-Base Disturbance - CORRECT ANSWER Imbalance in body's pH levels affecting health.
Respiratory Infection - CORRECT ANSWER Infection affecting the airways and lungs.
Hypoxemia - CORRECT ANSWER Low oxygen levels in the blood.
Hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER Elevated potassium levels in the blood.
Acute Renal Failure - CORRECT ANSWER Sudden loss of kidney function.
pH Levels - CORRECT ANSWER Measure of acidity or alkalinity in blood.
HCO3- - CORRECT ANSWER Bicarbonate level indicating metabolic status.
Bronchogenic carcinoma - CORRECT ANSWER Lung cancer originating from bronchial epithelium.
Nausea - CORRECT ANSWER Feeling of unease and urge to vomit.
Pain scale - CORRECT ANSWER 0-10 scale measuring pain intensity.
pH level - CORRECT ANSWER Measure of acidity or alkalinity in blood.
HCO3 - CORRECT ANSWER Bicarbonate level indicating metabolic status.
PaCO2 - CORRECT ANSWER Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood.
Uncompensated metabolic acidosis - CORRECT ANSWER Acidosis without respiratory compensation.
Third spacing - CORRECT ANSWER Fluid accumulation in non-functional body spaces.
Active tuberculosis - CORRECT ANSWER Infectious disease affecting the lungs.
Clinical manifestations - CORRECT ANSWER Signs and symptoms observed in a patient.
