BIOC20 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS
COMPLETE WITH 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS
\.Virion consists of - ANSWERS--Nucleic acid genome
-protective protein coat
-Some contain a lipid envelope
\.Virion capsid - ANSWERS-Protective protein coat
\.Nature of Viruses - ANSWERS-Obligate intracellular parasites (only replicate in
living cell)
\.Viruses lack - ANSWERS-Essential functions
-synthesis of basic biological building blocks (nucleotides, amino acids, CHO's,
lipids)
-generation of ATP
-protein synthesis (ribosomes, tRNAs)
\.Uncoating - ANSWERS-First step, virus particles break down and release
genomes inside the cell
-released from protective protein shell
,\.Once virus uncoats - ANSWERS-Genome can be used as a template for mRNA
synthesis - produce proteins
\.Newly made viral proteins - ANSWERS-Work together to replicate genome,
encapsulate the new genomes to form progeny virions
\.Virus morphology - ANSWERS-Distinct, genome sizes, and particle sizes
-smallest 20 nm in diameter, coding few as 2 proteins
-largest 500nm in diameter, coding > 1200 proteins
\.Virus genomes can be - ANSWERS--RNA or DNA, not both
-single or double stranded
-circular or linear
\.Problem with RNA genome - ANSWERS--no RNA polymerase - replication
problem
-difficulty making RNA transcript
\.Viruses can infect - ANSWERS-All forms of life, animals, plants, insects, bacteria,
algae,, fungi
\.Most abundant form of life - ANSWERS-Viruses, 10 fold excess of virus compared
to bacteria in earth oceans
Mass = 1 million blue whales
,Length - 200 million light years
\.Study of viruses led to - ANSWERS-Identification of promoters for eukaryotic
RNA polymerase
Enzymes involved in cellular DNA replication
RNA splicing from studying viral mRNAs in eukaryotic cells
Isolation of numerous cellular oncogenes and the understanding that cancer is
caused by their mutation or unregulated expression
\.First virus discovered - ANSWERS-TMV
\.First virus discovered by - ANSWERS-Distinguished by filtration
Russian scientist Dimitri Ivanovski
Dutch scientist Martinus Beijerinck (first name for virus = contagious virus
fluidium)
\.TMV - ANSWERS-Tobacco mosaic disease killing tobacco plants
Found by grounding up infected leaves trying to filter bacteria, passed through
porcelain filter was infecting leaves
\.Discovery about viruses in mid 1930s - ANSWERS-Highly purified TMV could
form crystals
-challenged conventional notions about genes and nature of living organisms
, \.Are virsuses alive? - ANSWERS-Not living entities, biochemical processes - only
living period inside host
\.1915-1917 scientist in England and France discovered bacteria - ANSWERS-Could
be listed by filterable agents
\.Study of bacteriophages helped establish the field of molecular biology by -
ANSWERS-Mapping phage genes
Elucidated phage replication cycles
Developed the plaque assay
\.Bacteriophage - ANSWERS-Viruses that infect bacteria
\.Felix d'Herelle - ANSWERS-Worked on phage therapy
-using phage to treat human bacterial disease
-useful against antibiotic resistant bacteria
-use as antibacterial agents in humans is not accepted
\.Tumor virus study lead to - ANSWERS-Understanding of nature of cancer
-reverse transcriptase
-oncogenes
Now being used to construct vectors to express proteins to specifically destroy
tumor cells
COMPLETE WITH 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS
\.Virion consists of - ANSWERS--Nucleic acid genome
-protective protein coat
-Some contain a lipid envelope
\.Virion capsid - ANSWERS-Protective protein coat
\.Nature of Viruses - ANSWERS-Obligate intracellular parasites (only replicate in
living cell)
\.Viruses lack - ANSWERS-Essential functions
-synthesis of basic biological building blocks (nucleotides, amino acids, CHO's,
lipids)
-generation of ATP
-protein synthesis (ribosomes, tRNAs)
\.Uncoating - ANSWERS-First step, virus particles break down and release
genomes inside the cell
-released from protective protein shell
,\.Once virus uncoats - ANSWERS-Genome can be used as a template for mRNA
synthesis - produce proteins
\.Newly made viral proteins - ANSWERS-Work together to replicate genome,
encapsulate the new genomes to form progeny virions
\.Virus morphology - ANSWERS-Distinct, genome sizes, and particle sizes
-smallest 20 nm in diameter, coding few as 2 proteins
-largest 500nm in diameter, coding > 1200 proteins
\.Virus genomes can be - ANSWERS--RNA or DNA, not both
-single or double stranded
-circular or linear
\.Problem with RNA genome - ANSWERS--no RNA polymerase - replication
problem
-difficulty making RNA transcript
\.Viruses can infect - ANSWERS-All forms of life, animals, plants, insects, bacteria,
algae,, fungi
\.Most abundant form of life - ANSWERS-Viruses, 10 fold excess of virus compared
to bacteria in earth oceans
Mass = 1 million blue whales
,Length - 200 million light years
\.Study of viruses led to - ANSWERS-Identification of promoters for eukaryotic
RNA polymerase
Enzymes involved in cellular DNA replication
RNA splicing from studying viral mRNAs in eukaryotic cells
Isolation of numerous cellular oncogenes and the understanding that cancer is
caused by their mutation or unregulated expression
\.First virus discovered - ANSWERS-TMV
\.First virus discovered by - ANSWERS-Distinguished by filtration
Russian scientist Dimitri Ivanovski
Dutch scientist Martinus Beijerinck (first name for virus = contagious virus
fluidium)
\.TMV - ANSWERS-Tobacco mosaic disease killing tobacco plants
Found by grounding up infected leaves trying to filter bacteria, passed through
porcelain filter was infecting leaves
\.Discovery about viruses in mid 1930s - ANSWERS-Highly purified TMV could
form crystals
-challenged conventional notions about genes and nature of living organisms
, \.Are virsuses alive? - ANSWERS-Not living entities, biochemical processes - only
living period inside host
\.1915-1917 scientist in England and France discovered bacteria - ANSWERS-Could
be listed by filterable agents
\.Study of bacteriophages helped establish the field of molecular biology by -
ANSWERS-Mapping phage genes
Elucidated phage replication cycles
Developed the plaque assay
\.Bacteriophage - ANSWERS-Viruses that infect bacteria
\.Felix d'Herelle - ANSWERS-Worked on phage therapy
-using phage to treat human bacterial disease
-useful against antibiotic resistant bacteria
-use as antibacterial agents in humans is not accepted
\.Tumor virus study lead to - ANSWERS-Understanding of nature of cancer
-reverse transcriptase
-oncogenes
Now being used to construct vectors to express proteins to specifically destroy
tumor cells
