ANATOMY PILATES ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS COMPLETE
FITNESS STUDY GUIDE
●● Sagittal Plane
Answer: Dividing the body into unequal right and left portions
●● Coronal Plane
Answer: Dividing the body into front and back portions
●● Transverse Plane
Answer: Dividing the body into upper and lower portions
●● 10 Pilates Principles
Answer: Awareness, Balance, Control, Efficiency, Precision, Breath,
Concentration, Center, Flow, Harmony
●● Synovial Joint
Answer: Freely moving joint. ie: hip, shoulder etc.
●● Fibrous Joint
Answer: Immovable joint. Ie: skull bones (connected by dense tissue)
,●● Flexion
Answer: movement in an anterior direction for the upper extremities and
hip joint and movement in a posterior direction for the lower extremities
●● Extension
Answer: movement in the direction opposite to flexion
●● Hyperextension
Answer: excessive movement/position in the direction of extension e.g.
knees, lumbar and cervical curvatures of the spine
●● Abduction
Answer: movement away from the mid-sagittal plane
●● Adduction
Answer: movement towards the mid-sagittal plane
●● Lateral Flexion
Answer: (of the spine) side bending of the trunk to the right or left.
lateral movement of the head, neck, and trunk in the coronal plane and
around the sagittal axis
,●● Multi directional - Glilding
Answer: flat or curved surfaces articulating on one another. ie: scapula
●● Circumduction
Answer: combination of flexion, abduction, extension and adduction . ie:
leg circles
●● Rotation
Answer: Turning around the long axis of a bone
●● Tilt
Answer: anterior tilt, posterior tilt and lateral tilt (equates to lateral
flexion)
●● Planter flexion
Answer: pointing of the foot
●● dorsi flexion
Answer: flexing on the foot
●● Cartilaginous Joints
Answer: slightly movable - ie: sacroiliac joint
, ●● Categories of Synovial Joints
Answer: Gliding Joints (clavicle-scapula)
Ball and socket joint (hip, shoulder)
hinge joint (knee, elbow, ankle)
pivot joint (atlas-axis, pivot w/ head)
condyloid joint (metacarpals-phalangeal/fingers)
saddle joint (carpal-metacarpal/thumb)
●● Anterior/Ventral
Answer: Front side/in front of
●● Posterior/Dorsal
Answer: Backside/ in back of
●● Medial
Answer: Closer to the median plane/toward midline
●● Sagittal Axis
Answer: Extends from font to back and abduction-adduction occurs
around it
●● Coronal Axis
AND CORRECT ANSWERS COMPLETE
FITNESS STUDY GUIDE
●● Sagittal Plane
Answer: Dividing the body into unequal right and left portions
●● Coronal Plane
Answer: Dividing the body into front and back portions
●● Transverse Plane
Answer: Dividing the body into upper and lower portions
●● 10 Pilates Principles
Answer: Awareness, Balance, Control, Efficiency, Precision, Breath,
Concentration, Center, Flow, Harmony
●● Synovial Joint
Answer: Freely moving joint. ie: hip, shoulder etc.
●● Fibrous Joint
Answer: Immovable joint. Ie: skull bones (connected by dense tissue)
,●● Flexion
Answer: movement in an anterior direction for the upper extremities and
hip joint and movement in a posterior direction for the lower extremities
●● Extension
Answer: movement in the direction opposite to flexion
●● Hyperextension
Answer: excessive movement/position in the direction of extension e.g.
knees, lumbar and cervical curvatures of the spine
●● Abduction
Answer: movement away from the mid-sagittal plane
●● Adduction
Answer: movement towards the mid-sagittal plane
●● Lateral Flexion
Answer: (of the spine) side bending of the trunk to the right or left.
lateral movement of the head, neck, and trunk in the coronal plane and
around the sagittal axis
,●● Multi directional - Glilding
Answer: flat or curved surfaces articulating on one another. ie: scapula
●● Circumduction
Answer: combination of flexion, abduction, extension and adduction . ie:
leg circles
●● Rotation
Answer: Turning around the long axis of a bone
●● Tilt
Answer: anterior tilt, posterior tilt and lateral tilt (equates to lateral
flexion)
●● Planter flexion
Answer: pointing of the foot
●● dorsi flexion
Answer: flexing on the foot
●● Cartilaginous Joints
Answer: slightly movable - ie: sacroiliac joint
, ●● Categories of Synovial Joints
Answer: Gliding Joints (clavicle-scapula)
Ball and socket joint (hip, shoulder)
hinge joint (knee, elbow, ankle)
pivot joint (atlas-axis, pivot w/ head)
condyloid joint (metacarpals-phalangeal/fingers)
saddle joint (carpal-metacarpal/thumb)
●● Anterior/Ventral
Answer: Front side/in front of
●● Posterior/Dorsal
Answer: Backside/ in back of
●● Medial
Answer: Closer to the median plane/toward midline
●● Sagittal Axis
Answer: Extends from font to back and abduction-adduction occurs
around it
●● Coronal Axis
