ANATOMY PILATES FINAL PAPER
PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS PACKAGE
●● What are the thoracic vertebrae?
Answer: T1-T12
●● What are the lumbar vertebrae?
Answer: L1-L5
●● What are the sacral vertebrae?
Answer: S1-S5
●● What are the two main parts of the skeletal anatomy?
Answer: 1. Axial Skeleton (cranium to coccyx), 2. Appendicular
Skeleton (everything else - appendages)
●● What is pronation?
Answer: Rolling inward
●● What is supination?
Answer: Rolling outward
,●● What does posterior mean?
Answer: The back / backward
●● What does anterior mean?
Answer: The front / forward
●● What is dorsiflexion?
Answer: Foot lifts up and flexed through the heel
●● What is plantar flexion?
Answer: Foot points downward through the foot
●● What is lordosis?
Answer: Excessive inward curve (usually lower back and cervical spine)
●● What is kyphosis?
Answer: Excessive outward curve (usually thoracic spine)
●● What are adductors?
Answer: Muscles that squeeze in on the inner thighs to stabilize the hip
and bring the leg into the midline
, ●● What are abductors?
Answer: Muscles that push out on the outer thighs and hips and move
the leg away from the midline
●● What is osteoporosis?
Answer: Deterioration of bone mineral content leading to skeletal
fragility
●● What is osteopenia?
Answer: Condition of reduced bone mineral density, lower than normal
but not severe enough to be classified as osteoporosis
●● What is spondylolisthesis?
Answer: Vertebra slips forward over the one below it, causing instability,
pain, and potential nerve compression
●● What is osteoarthritis?
Answer: Wear down of protective cartilage that cushions the ends of
bones over time
●● What is a herniated/bulging disc?
Answer: When an intervertebral disc becomes compromised due to
trauma or degenerative changes
PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS PACKAGE
●● What are the thoracic vertebrae?
Answer: T1-T12
●● What are the lumbar vertebrae?
Answer: L1-L5
●● What are the sacral vertebrae?
Answer: S1-S5
●● What are the two main parts of the skeletal anatomy?
Answer: 1. Axial Skeleton (cranium to coccyx), 2. Appendicular
Skeleton (everything else - appendages)
●● What is pronation?
Answer: Rolling inward
●● What is supination?
Answer: Rolling outward
,●● What does posterior mean?
Answer: The back / backward
●● What does anterior mean?
Answer: The front / forward
●● What is dorsiflexion?
Answer: Foot lifts up and flexed through the heel
●● What is plantar flexion?
Answer: Foot points downward through the foot
●● What is lordosis?
Answer: Excessive inward curve (usually lower back and cervical spine)
●● What is kyphosis?
Answer: Excessive outward curve (usually thoracic spine)
●● What are adductors?
Answer: Muscles that squeeze in on the inner thighs to stabilize the hip
and bring the leg into the midline
, ●● What are abductors?
Answer: Muscles that push out on the outer thighs and hips and move
the leg away from the midline
●● What is osteoporosis?
Answer: Deterioration of bone mineral content leading to skeletal
fragility
●● What is osteopenia?
Answer: Condition of reduced bone mineral density, lower than normal
but not severe enough to be classified as osteoporosis
●● What is spondylolisthesis?
Answer: Vertebra slips forward over the one below it, causing instability,
pain, and potential nerve compression
●● What is osteoarthritis?
Answer: Wear down of protective cartilage that cushions the ends of
bones over time
●● What is a herniated/bulging disc?
Answer: When an intervertebral disc becomes compromised due to
trauma or degenerative changes
