Nurs 316 Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Potency the AMOUNT of drug necessary to produce the desired effect
Efficacy the ABILITY of the drug to achieve the desired effect
What is the FDA? When was it empowered? What was it
empowered to enforce? What are the primary
responsibilities of the FDA?
What are the four (4) processes involved with the 1. Absorption
movement of drugs inside the body? 2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
How does the route of administration effect the action • Drugs that are administered IM or SQ are absorbed by the small capillaries
of a drug in a patient? fairly rapidly
• Drugs that are administered oral take the longest to be absorbed
• Drugs that are administered IV do not need to be absorbed and are instantly
absorbed
What does the amount of protein binding have to do • The % of drug bound to albumin is determined by strength of attraction
with a drugs rate of distribution? Rate of excretion? between them
• Only un-bound (free) drugs can leave the vascular space and reach target
tissues
• The portion of the drug that is protein bound is inactive
• Only free drugs are active drugs that can exert a pharmacological effect
, Which type of drug is excreted by the kidney with • Lipid soluble drugs are converted by the liver to water soluble forms for renal
greater ease? (fat-soluble or water-soluble) excretion
• In kidneys, drugs in a lipid-soluble state will be reabsorbed back into the
blood
• ***So, water soluble drugs are excreted by the kidney with greater ease
What is the primary organ responsible for drug Liver
metabolism?
Which drug will need to be dosed more frequently, one One with a short life span, because those are the light protein bound
with a long half-life or one with a short half-life? Why?
What is the primary organ responsible for drug Kidney
excretion?
Glomerular filtration: is the process that your kidneys use to filter excess fluid and waste products
out of the blood into the urine collecting tubules of the kidney, so they may be
eliminated from your body.
Tubular reabsorption: the process by which solutes and water are removed from the tubular fluid and
transported into the blood.
Tubular secretion: the transfer of materials from peritubular capillaries to renal tubular lumen
How will drug excretion by affected in a patient with If patient has renal failure, then drug stays in the body longer and the patient is
renal dysfunction? What risk does this place on the at risk for drug toxicity
patient?
If someone has head trauma, will drugs pass the BBB yes they will pass the BBB more easily
easily or no?
first-pass effect: Where the portal circulation serves to protect the body from systemic effects
of ingested toxins by delivering these substances to the liver for detoxification
(concentration of drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic
circulation)
peak level: Highest plasma drug level that indicate the rate of absorption
trough level: Lowest plasma drug level that indicates the rate at which the drug is eliminated
adrenergic: Relating to or denoting nerve cells in which epinephrine (adrenaline),
norepinephrine (noradrenaline), or a similar substance acts as a
neurotransmitter.
extravasation: When a drug leaves the blood vessels and leaks into the surrounding tissues,
with certain drugs if extravagated they can cause tissue necrosis.
mydirasis: Dilation of the pupil of the eye.
Somatic nervous system: skeletal muscle that is voluntary
Autonomic nervous system: involuntary that consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic
CORRECT Answers
Potency the AMOUNT of drug necessary to produce the desired effect
Efficacy the ABILITY of the drug to achieve the desired effect
What is the FDA? When was it empowered? What was it
empowered to enforce? What are the primary
responsibilities of the FDA?
What are the four (4) processes involved with the 1. Absorption
movement of drugs inside the body? 2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
How does the route of administration effect the action • Drugs that are administered IM or SQ are absorbed by the small capillaries
of a drug in a patient? fairly rapidly
• Drugs that are administered oral take the longest to be absorbed
• Drugs that are administered IV do not need to be absorbed and are instantly
absorbed
What does the amount of protein binding have to do • The % of drug bound to albumin is determined by strength of attraction
with a drugs rate of distribution? Rate of excretion? between them
• Only un-bound (free) drugs can leave the vascular space and reach target
tissues
• The portion of the drug that is protein bound is inactive
• Only free drugs are active drugs that can exert a pharmacological effect
, Which type of drug is excreted by the kidney with • Lipid soluble drugs are converted by the liver to water soluble forms for renal
greater ease? (fat-soluble or water-soluble) excretion
• In kidneys, drugs in a lipid-soluble state will be reabsorbed back into the
blood
• ***So, water soluble drugs are excreted by the kidney with greater ease
What is the primary organ responsible for drug Liver
metabolism?
Which drug will need to be dosed more frequently, one One with a short life span, because those are the light protein bound
with a long half-life or one with a short half-life? Why?
What is the primary organ responsible for drug Kidney
excretion?
Glomerular filtration: is the process that your kidneys use to filter excess fluid and waste products
out of the blood into the urine collecting tubules of the kidney, so they may be
eliminated from your body.
Tubular reabsorption: the process by which solutes and water are removed from the tubular fluid and
transported into the blood.
Tubular secretion: the transfer of materials from peritubular capillaries to renal tubular lumen
How will drug excretion by affected in a patient with If patient has renal failure, then drug stays in the body longer and the patient is
renal dysfunction? What risk does this place on the at risk for drug toxicity
patient?
If someone has head trauma, will drugs pass the BBB yes they will pass the BBB more easily
easily or no?
first-pass effect: Where the portal circulation serves to protect the body from systemic effects
of ingested toxins by delivering these substances to the liver for detoxification
(concentration of drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic
circulation)
peak level: Highest plasma drug level that indicate the rate of absorption
trough level: Lowest plasma drug level that indicates the rate at which the drug is eliminated
adrenergic: Relating to or denoting nerve cells in which epinephrine (adrenaline),
norepinephrine (noradrenaline), or a similar substance acts as a
neurotransmitter.
extravasation: When a drug leaves the blood vessels and leaks into the surrounding tissues,
with certain drugs if extravagated they can cause tissue necrosis.
mydirasis: Dilation of the pupil of the eye.
Somatic nervous system: skeletal muscle that is voluntary
Autonomic nervous system: involuntary that consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic
