NURS 2111 Final Exam Review UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
Chapter 17: Acid-Base Imbalances • Respiratory acidosis
• Respiratory alkalosis
• Metabolic acidosis
• Metabolic alkalosis
• ABG interpretation
what is resoiratory acidosis • A condition caused by hypoventilation, leading to CO₂ retention and increased
carbonic acid, resulting in a decreased pH.
clinical manifestations of respiratory acidosis • Hypoventilation (slow/shallow respirations)
• Confusion, lethargy
• Headache
• Possible dysrhythmias
• Signs of underlying
respiratory compromise
, nursing intervetions for respiratory acidosis • Improve ventilation (oxygen therapy, airway support, mechanical ventilation if
needed)
• Positioning (high Fowler's)
• Monitor ABGs and oxygenation status
• Administer bronchodilators or reversal agents (e.g., naloxone for opioids)
• Encourage pulmonary hygiene (coughing, deep breathing)
unique information for respiratory acidosis • ABG: ↓ pH, ↑ PaCO₂
• Common in COPD exacerbation or sedative/opioid overdose
• Renal compensation (↑ HCO₃⁻) takes 24+ hours
What causes Respiratory Alkalosis? A condition caused by hyperventilation, leading to excessive CO₂ elimination
and increased pH.
Clinical Manifestations of Respiratory Alkalosis • Rapid respirations,
• Lightheadedness, dizziness,
• Paresthesias (tingling in extremities),
• Anxiety, restlessness,
• Possible tetany (due to ↓ calcium)
Nursing Interventions for Respiratory Alkalosis • Treat underlying cause (pain, anxiety, fever),
• Encourage slow breathing techniques,
• Rebreathing (e.g., paper bag in acute cases, if appropriate),
• Adjust ventilator settings if mechanically ventilated, Monitor ABGs
ABG values in Respiratory Alkalosis ↑ pH, ↓ PaCO₂
Common triggers for Respiratory Alkalosis Often caused by anxiety, pain, fever, or hypoxemia
Renal compensation for Respiratory Alkalosis excretion of HCO₃
Metabolic Acidosis A condition caused by excess acid accumulation or loss of bicarbonate, resulting
in decreased pH.
and CORRECT Answers
Chapter 17: Acid-Base Imbalances • Respiratory acidosis
• Respiratory alkalosis
• Metabolic acidosis
• Metabolic alkalosis
• ABG interpretation
what is resoiratory acidosis • A condition caused by hypoventilation, leading to CO₂ retention and increased
carbonic acid, resulting in a decreased pH.
clinical manifestations of respiratory acidosis • Hypoventilation (slow/shallow respirations)
• Confusion, lethargy
• Headache
• Possible dysrhythmias
• Signs of underlying
respiratory compromise
, nursing intervetions for respiratory acidosis • Improve ventilation (oxygen therapy, airway support, mechanical ventilation if
needed)
• Positioning (high Fowler's)
• Monitor ABGs and oxygenation status
• Administer bronchodilators or reversal agents (e.g., naloxone for opioids)
• Encourage pulmonary hygiene (coughing, deep breathing)
unique information for respiratory acidosis • ABG: ↓ pH, ↑ PaCO₂
• Common in COPD exacerbation or sedative/opioid overdose
• Renal compensation (↑ HCO₃⁻) takes 24+ hours
What causes Respiratory Alkalosis? A condition caused by hyperventilation, leading to excessive CO₂ elimination
and increased pH.
Clinical Manifestations of Respiratory Alkalosis • Rapid respirations,
• Lightheadedness, dizziness,
• Paresthesias (tingling in extremities),
• Anxiety, restlessness,
• Possible tetany (due to ↓ calcium)
Nursing Interventions for Respiratory Alkalosis • Treat underlying cause (pain, anxiety, fever),
• Encourage slow breathing techniques,
• Rebreathing (e.g., paper bag in acute cases, if appropriate),
• Adjust ventilator settings if mechanically ventilated, Monitor ABGs
ABG values in Respiratory Alkalosis ↑ pH, ↓ PaCO₂
Common triggers for Respiratory Alkalosis Often caused by anxiety, pain, fever, or hypoxemia
Renal compensation for Respiratory Alkalosis excretion of HCO₃
Metabolic Acidosis A condition caused by excess acid accumulation or loss of bicarbonate, resulting
in decreased pH.
