PHLT 412 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
Health Policies - CORRECT ANSWER --Focuses on health related issues
-Policies implement rules with the goal of trying to promotes a positive behavior
Public Health Policies - CORRECT ANSWER --examples: requiring vaccinations in order to attend public school
-Sanitation laws: clean water for showers
-Seat belts
-Food safety regulations
Law - CORRECT ANSWER -Something we pass in congress and it's more specific than a policy
Types of policy and laws - CORRECT ANSWER --Define the functions an dowers of public health agencies
-Aims to directly protect and promote health
Health Policy and Law conceptual framework - CORRECT ANSWER --Study based on the broad topical domains
of health policy and law (individual right in PH and healthcare quality-- bioethics)
-Study based on prevailing historical factors (health reform and government health insurance programs)
-Study based on the individuals and entities impacted by a particular policy as legal determination (perspective of key
stakeholders)
Bioethics - CORRECT ANSWER --Health related ethical issues raised in the context of medical practice or
biomedical research
-Morality and legality of Abortion
-End of life support
Professional Autonomy - CORRECT ANSWER -1800s -mid 1900s, doctors had high amount of power (in charge
of clinic, finances, business)
Social contract - CORRECT ANSWER -- Split power between doctor and management
- Sees physicians as just one of several stakeholders
Free Market - CORRECT ANSWER --Competition allows increased continued education and improvement
-Commercial competition and consumer empowerment will lead to the most efficient healthcare system
Stakeholders - CORRECT ANSWER -Those whose interests are impacted by certain policy choices or by the
passage or interpretation of law
-individuals or patients
-healthcare providers
-insurance companies
-employers
-government (hospital development)
-nurses & doctors, other healthcare professionals
Policy makers - CORRECT ANSWER --Make authoritative decisions: made by an individual or group with the
power to implement the decision
-Legislators, senators, the house, president, governors, cabinet officials, public health commissioners
Levels of government - CORRECT ANSWER --Federal level (give minimum guidelines)
-State level (most important policies made at this level-- Healthcare policies are made the state level)
-Local Level (in charge of implementation)
Branches of government - CORRECT ANSWER -Each branch has equal power, checks and balances
•Legislative
-State: legislature
-Federal: congress--- house and senate
•Executive
-State: Governor
, -Federal: White house, administrative agencies
•Judicial
-Trial and appellate
Congress - CORRECT ANSWER -Lawmaking body of the federal government
-consists of 2 chambers
Senate - CORRECT ANSWER -statewide. Two senators from each state. 6 year terms
House of Representative - CORRECT ANSWER -Elected by district, proportional to populations. 2 year terms
Leadership positions (in Congress) - CORRECT ANSWER --determined by political party affiliation, with party in
the majority gaining many advantages
-Senate: the vice president of the US is the president of the Senate
-House: the speaker of the house (leadership positions are determined by the members from the party who have been
elected to congress)
Committees - CORRECT ANSWER -The "workhorses" of congress; they are where many key decisions are made
and legislative drafting takes place
Congressional Commissions and Staff Agencies - CORRECT ANSWER -- provide congress members with
information they need for research and policy analysis
-- congressional budget office, government accountability office, congressional research service, medicare payment
advisory commission
Constitutes - CORRECT ANSWER --People that congress serves
-voters in state or district
-voters in nation if have leadership role or national aspirations
-political party
-president
Administrative agencies - CORRECT ANSWER --implement the laws passed by congress and executive orders
signed by the president
-- executive department agencies
-- independent agencies
- can be created by state, internal department reorganization, or presidential directive
Federal Health bureaucracy - CORRECT ANSWER --DHHS
-VA: provides comprehensive care to veterans who were not dishonorably discharged
-DOD: TriCare provides health insurance to current and retired military personnel and their families
Interest Groups - CORRECT ANSWER -A general term used for wide variety of organizations that are created
around a particular issue or population and have the goal of influencing policy and educating other about their views and
concerns
-interest groups don't have the power to make policy, but they have different ways to influence policy
Advocacy - CORRECT ANSWER --speak in favor of
-support or defends a cause
-pleads on another's behalf
-the process for stakeholders making their voices heard on issues that affect their lives and the lives of others at the local,
state, and national level
Lobby - CORRECT ANSWER --activities that are indirect support of or opposition to a specific piece of
introduced legislation (everyone has different points of view)
-any attempt to influence specific legislation
Advocacy group and coalitions - CORRECT ANSWER --increase links decision makers
-provide background information on legislative issues
-identify others interested in the same issues
-enhance credibility with government agencies ad other advocacy groups
and CORRECT Answers
Health Policies - CORRECT ANSWER --Focuses on health related issues
-Policies implement rules with the goal of trying to promotes a positive behavior
Public Health Policies - CORRECT ANSWER --examples: requiring vaccinations in order to attend public school
-Sanitation laws: clean water for showers
-Seat belts
-Food safety regulations
Law - CORRECT ANSWER -Something we pass in congress and it's more specific than a policy
Types of policy and laws - CORRECT ANSWER --Define the functions an dowers of public health agencies
-Aims to directly protect and promote health
Health Policy and Law conceptual framework - CORRECT ANSWER --Study based on the broad topical domains
of health policy and law (individual right in PH and healthcare quality-- bioethics)
-Study based on prevailing historical factors (health reform and government health insurance programs)
-Study based on the individuals and entities impacted by a particular policy as legal determination (perspective of key
stakeholders)
Bioethics - CORRECT ANSWER --Health related ethical issues raised in the context of medical practice or
biomedical research
-Morality and legality of Abortion
-End of life support
Professional Autonomy - CORRECT ANSWER -1800s -mid 1900s, doctors had high amount of power (in charge
of clinic, finances, business)
Social contract - CORRECT ANSWER -- Split power between doctor and management
- Sees physicians as just one of several stakeholders
Free Market - CORRECT ANSWER --Competition allows increased continued education and improvement
-Commercial competition and consumer empowerment will lead to the most efficient healthcare system
Stakeholders - CORRECT ANSWER -Those whose interests are impacted by certain policy choices or by the
passage or interpretation of law
-individuals or patients
-healthcare providers
-insurance companies
-employers
-government (hospital development)
-nurses & doctors, other healthcare professionals
Policy makers - CORRECT ANSWER --Make authoritative decisions: made by an individual or group with the
power to implement the decision
-Legislators, senators, the house, president, governors, cabinet officials, public health commissioners
Levels of government - CORRECT ANSWER --Federal level (give minimum guidelines)
-State level (most important policies made at this level-- Healthcare policies are made the state level)
-Local Level (in charge of implementation)
Branches of government - CORRECT ANSWER -Each branch has equal power, checks and balances
•Legislative
-State: legislature
-Federal: congress--- house and senate
•Executive
-State: Governor
, -Federal: White house, administrative agencies
•Judicial
-Trial and appellate
Congress - CORRECT ANSWER -Lawmaking body of the federal government
-consists of 2 chambers
Senate - CORRECT ANSWER -statewide. Two senators from each state. 6 year terms
House of Representative - CORRECT ANSWER -Elected by district, proportional to populations. 2 year terms
Leadership positions (in Congress) - CORRECT ANSWER --determined by political party affiliation, with party in
the majority gaining many advantages
-Senate: the vice president of the US is the president of the Senate
-House: the speaker of the house (leadership positions are determined by the members from the party who have been
elected to congress)
Committees - CORRECT ANSWER -The "workhorses" of congress; they are where many key decisions are made
and legislative drafting takes place
Congressional Commissions and Staff Agencies - CORRECT ANSWER -- provide congress members with
information they need for research and policy analysis
-- congressional budget office, government accountability office, congressional research service, medicare payment
advisory commission
Constitutes - CORRECT ANSWER --People that congress serves
-voters in state or district
-voters in nation if have leadership role or national aspirations
-political party
-president
Administrative agencies - CORRECT ANSWER --implement the laws passed by congress and executive orders
signed by the president
-- executive department agencies
-- independent agencies
- can be created by state, internal department reorganization, or presidential directive
Federal Health bureaucracy - CORRECT ANSWER --DHHS
-VA: provides comprehensive care to veterans who were not dishonorably discharged
-DOD: TriCare provides health insurance to current and retired military personnel and their families
Interest Groups - CORRECT ANSWER -A general term used for wide variety of organizations that are created
around a particular issue or population and have the goal of influencing policy and educating other about their views and
concerns
-interest groups don't have the power to make policy, but they have different ways to influence policy
Advocacy - CORRECT ANSWER --speak in favor of
-support or defends a cause
-pleads on another's behalf
-the process for stakeholders making their voices heard on issues that affect their lives and the lives of others at the local,
state, and national level
Lobby - CORRECT ANSWER --activities that are indirect support of or opposition to a specific piece of
introduced legislation (everyone has different points of view)
-any attempt to influence specific legislation
Advocacy group and coalitions - CORRECT ANSWER --increase links decision makers
-provide background information on legislative issues
-identify others interested in the same issues
-enhance credibility with government agencies ad other advocacy groups
