PSYC 340 final prep UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is a theoretical orientation in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER The theories and practices that resonate with a
helper during their training.
Is there a best type of therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER No major significant differences in effectiveness between
theoretical orientations; effectiveness lies in common factors.
What are common factors across all therapies? - CORRECT ANSWER Therapeutic relationship, instillation of
hope, new learning experiences, emotional arousal, enhancement of mastery/self-efficacy, and opportunities for practice.
What is the primary goal of therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER To reduce maladaptive symptoms, teach new
behaviors, provide a safe space for practice, and help clients manage ongoing symptoms.
When do people typically seek help? - CORRECT ANSWER When they become aware of their distress and
perceive it as problematic.
What are common barriers to seeking help? - CORRECT ANSWER Cost, social stigma, time constraints, lack of
insurance, unavailability of resources, and fear.
What are potential downsides to therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Bad therapists, dependency, and therapy being a
privilege based on financial and geographical factors.
What client factors influence the success of therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Readiness to change and resources
outside of sessions, such as social support.
What are the stages of change in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation,
action, and maintenance.
What helper factors contribute to effective therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Empathy, warmth, genuineness,
compassion, non-judgment, and self-awareness.
What is the therapeutic relationship? - CORRECT ANSWER Also called the working alliance; it involves
agreement on therapy goals and is the strongest predictor of treatment outcomes.
What is transference in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER When a client's past experiences distort how they perceive
the therapist and the therapeutic relationship.
What is countertransference? - CORRECT ANSWER When a therapist's past experiences distort how they perceive
the client and the therapeutic relationship.
What is the three-stage model of helping? - CORRECT ANSWER Exploration, insight, and action; stages are not
always linear.
What occurs during the intake stage of therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Gathering information about the client,
including presenting problems, psychiatric history, and social background.
What is the goal of the exploration stage in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER To establish rapport, explain therapy,
and encourage clients to express and experience feelings.
What does attending mean in the context of therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Helpers physically orient themselves
towards the client to show engagement.
What is the importance of listening in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Capturing and understanding the client's
messages, including their underlying meanings.
, How does eye contact affect therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER It signals understanding and engagement; too little
suggests disinterest, while too much can feel intrusive.
What role do facial expressions play in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER They convey emotion and understanding,
but must be culturally appropriate to avoid shaming the client.
What is the significance of head nods in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER They show attentiveness and validation;
too few can appear disinterested, while too many can be distracting.
What is proxemics in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER The use of space in social interactions; it affects how the
therapy office is arranged.
When is physical touch appropriate in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Typically follows the client's lead and
respects boundaries, considering cultural factors.
What are paraverbal behaviors in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER How therapists speak, including tone, pace, and
vocabulary matching with the client.
What are minimal encouragers? - CORRECT ANSWER Small interjections that communicate attentiveness and
encourage the client to continue speaking.
What should therapists avoid saying to clients? - CORRECT ANSWER Cliché statements that dismiss feelings,
such as 'Time will make it better' or 'It's not that bad.'
What is the role of silence in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Silence can be powerful; therapists should avoid
interruptions and allow natural pauses.
Who developed Client-Centered Therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Carl Rogers in the 1950s
What are the two dominant psychological perspectives before Rogers? - CORRECT ANSWER Behaviorism and
Psychoanalysis
What term did Rogers replace 'patient' with? - CORRECT ANSWER Client
What philosophical approach underlies Client-Centered Therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Phenomenology
What does phenomenology emphasize in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Subjective experience guides behavior,
not objective facts.
How did Rogers view human nature compared to behaviorists and psychoanalysts? - CORRECT ANSWER Rogers
had a more positive view, believing in innate potentialities.
What is the actualizing tendency? - CORRECT ANSWER The basic motivational force that drives all human
behavior towards self-actualization.
Who first coined the term self-actualization? - CORRECT ANSWER Abraham Maslow
What is Rogers' view on self-actualization? - CORRECT ANSWER He believed it is attainable by everyone under
the right conditions.
What is the Organismic Valuing Process (OVP)? - CORRECT ANSWER An inherent ability to know what is
important for self-actualization.
What does authenticity mean in the context of OVP? - CORRECT ANSWER The ability to be our true selves.
What is the difference between overt and covert identity? - CORRECT ANSWER Overt identity is visible, while
covert identity is unseen.
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is a theoretical orientation in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER The theories and practices that resonate with a
helper during their training.
Is there a best type of therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER No major significant differences in effectiveness between
theoretical orientations; effectiveness lies in common factors.
What are common factors across all therapies? - CORRECT ANSWER Therapeutic relationship, instillation of
hope, new learning experiences, emotional arousal, enhancement of mastery/self-efficacy, and opportunities for practice.
What is the primary goal of therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER To reduce maladaptive symptoms, teach new
behaviors, provide a safe space for practice, and help clients manage ongoing symptoms.
When do people typically seek help? - CORRECT ANSWER When they become aware of their distress and
perceive it as problematic.
What are common barriers to seeking help? - CORRECT ANSWER Cost, social stigma, time constraints, lack of
insurance, unavailability of resources, and fear.
What are potential downsides to therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Bad therapists, dependency, and therapy being a
privilege based on financial and geographical factors.
What client factors influence the success of therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Readiness to change and resources
outside of sessions, such as social support.
What are the stages of change in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation,
action, and maintenance.
What helper factors contribute to effective therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Empathy, warmth, genuineness,
compassion, non-judgment, and self-awareness.
What is the therapeutic relationship? - CORRECT ANSWER Also called the working alliance; it involves
agreement on therapy goals and is the strongest predictor of treatment outcomes.
What is transference in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER When a client's past experiences distort how they perceive
the therapist and the therapeutic relationship.
What is countertransference? - CORRECT ANSWER When a therapist's past experiences distort how they perceive
the client and the therapeutic relationship.
What is the three-stage model of helping? - CORRECT ANSWER Exploration, insight, and action; stages are not
always linear.
What occurs during the intake stage of therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Gathering information about the client,
including presenting problems, psychiatric history, and social background.
What is the goal of the exploration stage in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER To establish rapport, explain therapy,
and encourage clients to express and experience feelings.
What does attending mean in the context of therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Helpers physically orient themselves
towards the client to show engagement.
What is the importance of listening in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Capturing and understanding the client's
messages, including their underlying meanings.
, How does eye contact affect therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER It signals understanding and engagement; too little
suggests disinterest, while too much can feel intrusive.
What role do facial expressions play in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER They convey emotion and understanding,
but must be culturally appropriate to avoid shaming the client.
What is the significance of head nods in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER They show attentiveness and validation;
too few can appear disinterested, while too many can be distracting.
What is proxemics in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER The use of space in social interactions; it affects how the
therapy office is arranged.
When is physical touch appropriate in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Typically follows the client's lead and
respects boundaries, considering cultural factors.
What are paraverbal behaviors in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER How therapists speak, including tone, pace, and
vocabulary matching with the client.
What are minimal encouragers? - CORRECT ANSWER Small interjections that communicate attentiveness and
encourage the client to continue speaking.
What should therapists avoid saying to clients? - CORRECT ANSWER Cliché statements that dismiss feelings,
such as 'Time will make it better' or 'It's not that bad.'
What is the role of silence in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Silence can be powerful; therapists should avoid
interruptions and allow natural pauses.
Who developed Client-Centered Therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Carl Rogers in the 1950s
What are the two dominant psychological perspectives before Rogers? - CORRECT ANSWER Behaviorism and
Psychoanalysis
What term did Rogers replace 'patient' with? - CORRECT ANSWER Client
What philosophical approach underlies Client-Centered Therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Phenomenology
What does phenomenology emphasize in therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Subjective experience guides behavior,
not objective facts.
How did Rogers view human nature compared to behaviorists and psychoanalysts? - CORRECT ANSWER Rogers
had a more positive view, believing in innate potentialities.
What is the actualizing tendency? - CORRECT ANSWER The basic motivational force that drives all human
behavior towards self-actualization.
Who first coined the term self-actualization? - CORRECT ANSWER Abraham Maslow
What is Rogers' view on self-actualization? - CORRECT ANSWER He believed it is attainable by everyone under
the right conditions.
What is the Organismic Valuing Process (OVP)? - CORRECT ANSWER An inherent ability to know what is
important for self-actualization.
What does authenticity mean in the context of OVP? - CORRECT ANSWER The ability to be our true selves.
What is the difference between overt and covert identity? - CORRECT ANSWER Overt identity is visible, while
covert identity is unseen.
