QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉Frailty clinical clues. Answer: Unintentional weight loss; decreased
mobility/falls, muscle wasting, low albumin/protein, anemia, low
cholesterol
◉Core frailty management. Answer: Nutrition optimization, PT/OT,
deprescribing, oral hygiene (teeth, lesions), small frequent meals
◉Feeding tube in advanced dementia. Answer: No (test answer)
◉Wide pulse pressure in elderly. Answer: Expected due to vascular
stiffening
◉Pulmonary aging changes. Answer: Decreased cough reflex;
decreased gas exchange surface; decreased vital capacity (total lung
capacity unchanged)
◉MMSE cutoff for severe dementia. Answer: 12
◉MMSE score of 9 indicates. Answer: Severe cognitive impairment
, ◉Donepezil in advanced dementia. Answer: Consider stopping (low
benefit; appetite suppression)
◉Average survival after dementia diagnosis. Answer: ~8 years
◉#1 cause of peptic ulcer disease. Answer: H. pylori
◉#2 cause of peptic ulcer disease. Answer: NSAIDs
◉#1 sign of peptic ulcer disease. Answer: Epigastric tenderness
◉Red flags for urgent endoscopy. Answer: Dysphagia, weight loss,
bleeding concern
◉First-line modality with GI red flags. Answer: Urgent endoscopy
◉H. pylori treatment. Answer: Dual abx (Amoxicillin +
clarithromycin)
PPI
Carafate
Avoid NSAIDs and steroids