PSY 101 Exam 2 Social Psychology UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
social psychology the study of how the immediate social context as well as broader cultural
environments influence people's thoughts, feelings, and actions
core motivations of social life need to belong, need to perceive ourselves positively, need to understand the
world and control our actions
What are the first things we notice about someone? their face using the fusiform gyrus area
After this 2 main things:
- how trustworthy someone is (friend or foe)
- how competent the person is (status)
impression the schema or mental representations that organize the associated pieces of
information we know about a person
formed automatically from a reliance on prior knowledge, but can use effort to
form a more accurate version when we are motivated to pay attention
transferance the tendency to treat one person as if they possess characteristics of another
person they feel is similar
false consensus effect the tendency to overestimate the extent to which other people's beliefs and
attitudes are similar to our own (assumption that other people are like us)
impression management a series of strategies people use to influence the impression that other form of
them
people tend to present a persona to mask characteristics we don't want other
to know about and advertise the others
, attribution assignment of a causal explanation for an event, action, or outcome
we are motivated to explain and understand why people do what they do, and
this happens largely automatically
fundamental attribution error the tendency to assume that people's actions are the result of their internal
dispositions rather than their situation
can be overridden by considering the external factors that may be affecting
someone's behavior
fundamental attribution error in individualistic vs in Western individualistic cultures, the default attribution is that someone's
collectivist societies behavior is a reflection of who they are
In collectivistic cultures, people tend to be more sensitive to situational
constraints
self-serving attributions the attributions people make for their own behaviors or outcomes-- tend to
make dispositional attributions for positive events and situational attributions
for negative events
we make the attributions that best benefits ourselves
affective forecasting errors people's inability to accurately predict the emotional reactions they will have to
events
we tend to place too much emphasis on current choice's features
attitude an orientation toward some target stimulus that is composed of an affective
feeling (positive to negative), behavioral motivation (approach or avoid),
cognitive belief (ABCs)
evaluative signposts that guide our decision-making
implicit attitudes System 1 attitudes
automatically activated associations learned through repeated exposure--
these are harder to change
explicit attitudes System 2 attitudes
consciously reported evaluations shaped by our values, social norms, and
beliefs-- can be readily updated by learning new information
Do implicit or explicit attitudes better predict behavior? Voting study (Galdi et al, 2008):
- if participants already explicitly supported a political issue, their explicit
attitudes were a good predictor of their voting pattern.
- if participants were undecided, their implicit attitudes were a better predictor
of their voting pattern
persuasion the way explicitly held attitudes are changed by direct appeal
Questions and CORRECT Answers
social psychology the study of how the immediate social context as well as broader cultural
environments influence people's thoughts, feelings, and actions
core motivations of social life need to belong, need to perceive ourselves positively, need to understand the
world and control our actions
What are the first things we notice about someone? their face using the fusiform gyrus area
After this 2 main things:
- how trustworthy someone is (friend or foe)
- how competent the person is (status)
impression the schema or mental representations that organize the associated pieces of
information we know about a person
formed automatically from a reliance on prior knowledge, but can use effort to
form a more accurate version when we are motivated to pay attention
transferance the tendency to treat one person as if they possess characteristics of another
person they feel is similar
false consensus effect the tendency to overestimate the extent to which other people's beliefs and
attitudes are similar to our own (assumption that other people are like us)
impression management a series of strategies people use to influence the impression that other form of
them
people tend to present a persona to mask characteristics we don't want other
to know about and advertise the others
, attribution assignment of a causal explanation for an event, action, or outcome
we are motivated to explain and understand why people do what they do, and
this happens largely automatically
fundamental attribution error the tendency to assume that people's actions are the result of their internal
dispositions rather than their situation
can be overridden by considering the external factors that may be affecting
someone's behavior
fundamental attribution error in individualistic vs in Western individualistic cultures, the default attribution is that someone's
collectivist societies behavior is a reflection of who they are
In collectivistic cultures, people tend to be more sensitive to situational
constraints
self-serving attributions the attributions people make for their own behaviors or outcomes-- tend to
make dispositional attributions for positive events and situational attributions
for negative events
we make the attributions that best benefits ourselves
affective forecasting errors people's inability to accurately predict the emotional reactions they will have to
events
we tend to place too much emphasis on current choice's features
attitude an orientation toward some target stimulus that is composed of an affective
feeling (positive to negative), behavioral motivation (approach or avoid),
cognitive belief (ABCs)
evaluative signposts that guide our decision-making
implicit attitudes System 1 attitudes
automatically activated associations learned through repeated exposure--
these are harder to change
explicit attitudes System 2 attitudes
consciously reported evaluations shaped by our values, social norms, and
beliefs-- can be readily updated by learning new information
Do implicit or explicit attitudes better predict behavior? Voting study (Galdi et al, 2008):
- if participants already explicitly supported a political issue, their explicit
attitudes were a good predictor of their voting pattern.
- if participants were undecided, their implicit attitudes were a better predictor
of their voting pattern
persuasion the way explicitly held attitudes are changed by direct appeal
