PSYC 382 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Descartes founded which theory of the mind & brain? Dualism
Spinoza founded which theory of the mind & brain? Dual-aspects theory
According to Dualism (Descartes), how are the mind & The mind & brain are separate
brain related?
According to Dual-aspects theory (Spinoza), how are The mind & brain are separable, but one gives rise to the other
the mind & brain related? (Two sides of the same coin)
According to Reductionism, how are the mind & brain Components of the mind can be deduced to some biological mechanism
related?
Monoism The conscious mind is a product of the brain's physical activity -- not separate
from it
Phrenology was founded by: Francis Gall
What does phrenology claim? 1. Different brain region = different function
2. Skull shape = individual differences in cognition (anatomical personology)
What are the main problems with Phrenology? - UNSCIENTIFIC
- Non-empirical
- Racist
According to phrenology, ________ reflects character skull shape
Who founded Aggregate Field Theory? Marie-Jean-Pierre Florens
, Aggregate Field Theory Multiple brain regions support different cognitive functions
(The whole brain participates in behavior)
What has research on functional specialization found? Even though a brain region may specialize in a particular type of processing, it
may also play a role in other types of processing
(Having a specialty doesn't mean you're exclusive)
Which early scientist pulled apart different parts of dog Marie-Jean-Pierre Florens
& pigeon brains to study cognitive functions?
What questions did early contributions from Neurology 1. Which cognitive functions are associated with brain damage?
investigate? 2. How are neurons organized in each brain region?
What did early contributions from Neurology discover? 1. Language isn't localized to 1 region (brain lesion studies) *Broca's area &
Wernicke's area*
2. Cellular architecture differs between brain regions & conveys function
(cytoarchitectonics) *Brodmann's areas*
Cytoarchitectonics how cells differ structurally between brain regions
Conveys information about function
Who is considered the father of modern neuroscience? Ramon y Cajal
Neuron doctrine The nervous system is made up of individual cells
The neuron doctrine was founded by which scientist? Ramon y Cajal
What did Ramon y Cajal discover? 1. Neuron doctrine - neurons are distinct entities
2. Action potentials move in 1 direction
Early contributions from Psychology compared human A computer
cognition to which model?
Information processing theory Compares human thinking processes to a computer's data analysis process
Reception (input) >> perception, attention, short-term memory >> behavior
(output)
What are the key takeaways from information 1. What's happening in 1 sector of society can impact how we talk about the
processing theory? brain
2. The way we talk about the brain may not be the most appropriate
What was the timeline for the discovery of different - 1970s: CT, MRI
brain imaging techniques? - 1985: TMS
- 1988: PET
- 1991: fMRI
- 1992: fMRI detects stimulus-driven changes
- 2011: fMRI detects distinct computations across cortical layers
- 2015: fMRI shows layer-dependent feedforward and feedback processing
On a parcellation map, brain regions with the same Work together (networks)
color _______________
CORRECT Answers
Descartes founded which theory of the mind & brain? Dualism
Spinoza founded which theory of the mind & brain? Dual-aspects theory
According to Dualism (Descartes), how are the mind & The mind & brain are separate
brain related?
According to Dual-aspects theory (Spinoza), how are The mind & brain are separable, but one gives rise to the other
the mind & brain related? (Two sides of the same coin)
According to Reductionism, how are the mind & brain Components of the mind can be deduced to some biological mechanism
related?
Monoism The conscious mind is a product of the brain's physical activity -- not separate
from it
Phrenology was founded by: Francis Gall
What does phrenology claim? 1. Different brain region = different function
2. Skull shape = individual differences in cognition (anatomical personology)
What are the main problems with Phrenology? - UNSCIENTIFIC
- Non-empirical
- Racist
According to phrenology, ________ reflects character skull shape
Who founded Aggregate Field Theory? Marie-Jean-Pierre Florens
, Aggregate Field Theory Multiple brain regions support different cognitive functions
(The whole brain participates in behavior)
What has research on functional specialization found? Even though a brain region may specialize in a particular type of processing, it
may also play a role in other types of processing
(Having a specialty doesn't mean you're exclusive)
Which early scientist pulled apart different parts of dog Marie-Jean-Pierre Florens
& pigeon brains to study cognitive functions?
What questions did early contributions from Neurology 1. Which cognitive functions are associated with brain damage?
investigate? 2. How are neurons organized in each brain region?
What did early contributions from Neurology discover? 1. Language isn't localized to 1 region (brain lesion studies) *Broca's area &
Wernicke's area*
2. Cellular architecture differs between brain regions & conveys function
(cytoarchitectonics) *Brodmann's areas*
Cytoarchitectonics how cells differ structurally between brain regions
Conveys information about function
Who is considered the father of modern neuroscience? Ramon y Cajal
Neuron doctrine The nervous system is made up of individual cells
The neuron doctrine was founded by which scientist? Ramon y Cajal
What did Ramon y Cajal discover? 1. Neuron doctrine - neurons are distinct entities
2. Action potentials move in 1 direction
Early contributions from Psychology compared human A computer
cognition to which model?
Information processing theory Compares human thinking processes to a computer's data analysis process
Reception (input) >> perception, attention, short-term memory >> behavior
(output)
What are the key takeaways from information 1. What's happening in 1 sector of society can impact how we talk about the
processing theory? brain
2. The way we talk about the brain may not be the most appropriate
What was the timeline for the discovery of different - 1970s: CT, MRI
brain imaging techniques? - 1985: TMS
- 1988: PET
- 1991: fMRI
- 1992: fMRI detects stimulus-driven changes
- 2011: fMRI detects distinct computations across cortical layers
- 2015: fMRI shows layer-dependent feedforward and feedback processing
On a parcellation map, brain regions with the same Work together (networks)
color _______________
