BCPS FINAL PAPER SOLVED QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS

BCPS FINAL PAPER SOLVED QUESTIONS
WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS

●● Parametric tests
Answer: student t-tests
ANOVA
ANCOVA


●● Student t-tests
Answer: *student t-tests*


- one sample test: compares mean of study sample with the population
mean


- two sample, independent samples, or unpaired test: compares means of
two independent samples
--> equal variance test


- paired test: compares mean difference of paired/matched samples (this
is a related samples test)


*common error = use of multiple t-tests with more than 2 groups; should
use ANOVA*

,●● ANOVA
Answer: Analysis of variance
t-test that can apply to >2 groups


one-way ANOVA: compares ONE factor between 3 groups


two-way ANOVA: compares an additional factor
(i.e. splits groups 1, 2, and 3 into "young groups" and "old groups")


repeated measures ANOVA: a related samples test; 1 group, multiple
measurements


●● ANCOVA
Answer: analysis of COvariance


helps explain influence of categorical (independent) variable on
continuous variable (dependent variable) while statistically controlling
for confounding variables


●● Nonparametric tests
Answer: *compare 2 independent samples* -similar to t-test
- Wilcoxon rank sum

,- Mann-whitney U
- Wilcoxon Mann-whitney


- Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA by ranks (3+ independent groups)


*related/paired samples* -similar to paired t-test
- Sign test
- Wilcoxon signed-rank test


- Friedman ANOVA by ranks (for 3+ paired/matched groups)


●● Nominal data tests
Answer: - chi square (test of independence and goodness of fit)
--> compares expected and observed proportions between 2 or more
groups


- fisher exact test: chi square but for cells containing < 5 predicted
observations


- McNemar: paired samples:


- Mantel-Haenszel: controls for influence of confounders

, ●● Chart- nominal
Answer: - 2 groups (independent): chi square or fisher exact test
- 2 groups (related): mcNemar
- > 2 groups (independent): chi square
- > 2 groups (related): Cochran Q


●● Chart- ordinal
Answer: - 2 groups (independent): Wilcoxon, Mann Whitney, etc
- 2 groups (related): wilcoxon signed rank, sign test
- > 2 groups (indep.): Kruskal-Wallis
- > 2 groups (related): Friedman. ANOVA


●● Chart- continuous, no factors
Answer: - 2 groups (independent): equal variance t-test, unequal
variance test
- 2 groups (related): paired t-test
> 2 groups (independent): One way ANOVA
> 2 groups (related): repeated measures ANOVA


●● Chart, continuous, 1 factor
Answer: 2 groups (independent): ANCOVA
2 groups (related): two way repeated measures ANOVA