Psyc 406 Intro to Counselling theories and Psychotherapy
final UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
Existential Therapy - Basic Principles The central focus is on the nature of the human condition, which includes a
capacity for self-awareness, freedom of choice to decide one's fate,
responsibility, anxiety, the search for meaniung, being alone and being in
relation with others, and facing the reality of death.
Existential Therapy - Key Concepts Essentially an experiential approach to counseling rather than a firm theoretical
model.,m it stresses core human conditions. Normally, personality
development is based on the uniqueness of each individual. Sense of self
develops from infancy. Focus is on the present and on what one is becoming;
that is, the approach has a future orientation. It stresses self-awareness before
action.
Existential Therapy - Goals of Therapy To help people see that they are free and become aare of their possibilities. To
challenge them to recognize that they are responsible for events that they
formerly thought were happening to them. To identify factors that block
freedom.
Existential Therapy - Theraputic Relationship The therapist's maiun tasks are to accurately grasp clients' being-in-the-world
and to establish a personal and authentic encounter with them. The immediacy
of the client-therapist relationship and the authenticity of the here-and-now
encounter are stressed. Both client and therapist can be changed by the
encounter.
Existential Therapy - Techniques of Therapy Few Techniques flow from this approach, because it stresses understanding first
and technique second. The therapist can borrow techniques from other
approaches and incorporate them in existential framework. Diagnosis, testing,
and external measurements are not deemed important.
, Existential Therapy - Applications of the Approaches This approach is especially suited to people facing a developmental crisis or a
transition in life and for those with existential concerns (making choices,
dealing with freedom and responsibility, coping with guilt and anxiety, making
sense of life, and finding values) or those seeking personal enhancement. Can
be applied to both individual and group counseling, and to marital and family
therapy, crisis intervention, and community mental health work.
Existential Therapy - Contributions to Multicultural Focus is on understanding clients' phenomenological world, including cultural
Counseling background. This approach leads to empowerment in an oppressive society. It
can help clients examine their options for change within the context of their
cultural realities.
Existential Therapy - Limitations in Multicultural Values of individuality, freedom, autonomy, and self-realization often conflict
Counseling with cultural values fo collectivism, respect for tradition, deference to authority,
and interdependence. Some may be deterred by the absence of specific
techniques. Others will expect more focus on surviving in their world.
Existential Therapy - Contributions of the Approaches Its major contribution is recognition of the need for a subjective approach
based on a complete view of the human condition. It calls attention to the
need for a philosophical statement on what it means to be a person. Stress on
the I/Thou relationship lessens the chances of dehumanizing therapy. It
provides a perspective for understanding anxiety, guilt, freedom, death,
isolation, and commitment.
Existential Therapy - Limitations of the Approaches Many basic concepts are fuzzy and ill-defined, making its general framework
abstract at times. Lacks a systematic statemtnt of principles and practices of
therapy. Has limited applicability to lwer functioning and nonverbal clients and
to clients in extreme crisis who need direction.
Person-Centered Therapy - Basic Philosophies The view of humans is positive; we have an inclination toward becoming fully
functioning. In the context of the terapeutic relationshp, the client experiences
feelings that were previously denied to awareness. The client actualizes
potential and moves toward increased awareness, spontaneity, trust in self, and
innerdirectedness.
Person-Centered Therapy - Key Concepts The clien has the potential to become aware of problems and the means to
resolve them. Faith is placed in the client's capacity for self-direction. Mental
health is a congruence f ideal self and real self. Maladjustment is the result of a
discrepancy between what one wants to be and what one is. Focus is on the
presnt moment and on experiencing and expressing feelings.
Person-Centered Therapy - Goals of Therapy To provide a safe climate conductive to clients' self exploration, so that they
can recognize blocks to growth and can experience aspects of self that were
formerly denied or distorted. To enable them to move toward openness,
greater trust in self, willingness to be a process, and increased spontaneity and
aliveness.
Person-Centered Therapy - Theraputic Relationship The relationshi is of primary importance. The qualities of the therapist, including
genuineness, warmpth, accurate empathy, respect, and nonjedgmentalness-
and communication of these attitudes to clients- are stressed. Clients use this
real relationship with the therapist to help them transfer what they learn to
other relationships.
final UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
Existential Therapy - Basic Principles The central focus is on the nature of the human condition, which includes a
capacity for self-awareness, freedom of choice to decide one's fate,
responsibility, anxiety, the search for meaniung, being alone and being in
relation with others, and facing the reality of death.
Existential Therapy - Key Concepts Essentially an experiential approach to counseling rather than a firm theoretical
model.,m it stresses core human conditions. Normally, personality
development is based on the uniqueness of each individual. Sense of self
develops from infancy. Focus is on the present and on what one is becoming;
that is, the approach has a future orientation. It stresses self-awareness before
action.
Existential Therapy - Goals of Therapy To help people see that they are free and become aare of their possibilities. To
challenge them to recognize that they are responsible for events that they
formerly thought were happening to them. To identify factors that block
freedom.
Existential Therapy - Theraputic Relationship The therapist's maiun tasks are to accurately grasp clients' being-in-the-world
and to establish a personal and authentic encounter with them. The immediacy
of the client-therapist relationship and the authenticity of the here-and-now
encounter are stressed. Both client and therapist can be changed by the
encounter.
Existential Therapy - Techniques of Therapy Few Techniques flow from this approach, because it stresses understanding first
and technique second. The therapist can borrow techniques from other
approaches and incorporate them in existential framework. Diagnosis, testing,
and external measurements are not deemed important.
, Existential Therapy - Applications of the Approaches This approach is especially suited to people facing a developmental crisis or a
transition in life and for those with existential concerns (making choices,
dealing with freedom and responsibility, coping with guilt and anxiety, making
sense of life, and finding values) or those seeking personal enhancement. Can
be applied to both individual and group counseling, and to marital and family
therapy, crisis intervention, and community mental health work.
Existential Therapy - Contributions to Multicultural Focus is on understanding clients' phenomenological world, including cultural
Counseling background. This approach leads to empowerment in an oppressive society. It
can help clients examine their options for change within the context of their
cultural realities.
Existential Therapy - Limitations in Multicultural Values of individuality, freedom, autonomy, and self-realization often conflict
Counseling with cultural values fo collectivism, respect for tradition, deference to authority,
and interdependence. Some may be deterred by the absence of specific
techniques. Others will expect more focus on surviving in their world.
Existential Therapy - Contributions of the Approaches Its major contribution is recognition of the need for a subjective approach
based on a complete view of the human condition. It calls attention to the
need for a philosophical statement on what it means to be a person. Stress on
the I/Thou relationship lessens the chances of dehumanizing therapy. It
provides a perspective for understanding anxiety, guilt, freedom, death,
isolation, and commitment.
Existential Therapy - Limitations of the Approaches Many basic concepts are fuzzy and ill-defined, making its general framework
abstract at times. Lacks a systematic statemtnt of principles and practices of
therapy. Has limited applicability to lwer functioning and nonverbal clients and
to clients in extreme crisis who need direction.
Person-Centered Therapy - Basic Philosophies The view of humans is positive; we have an inclination toward becoming fully
functioning. In the context of the terapeutic relationshp, the client experiences
feelings that were previously denied to awareness. The client actualizes
potential and moves toward increased awareness, spontaneity, trust in self, and
innerdirectedness.
Person-Centered Therapy - Key Concepts The clien has the potential to become aware of problems and the means to
resolve them. Faith is placed in the client's capacity for self-direction. Mental
health is a congruence f ideal self and real self. Maladjustment is the result of a
discrepancy between what one wants to be and what one is. Focus is on the
presnt moment and on experiencing and expressing feelings.
Person-Centered Therapy - Goals of Therapy To provide a safe climate conductive to clients' self exploration, so that they
can recognize blocks to growth and can experience aspects of self that were
formerly denied or distorted. To enable them to move toward openness,
greater trust in self, willingness to be a process, and increased spontaneity and
aliveness.
Person-Centered Therapy - Theraputic Relationship The relationshi is of primary importance. The qualities of the therapist, including
genuineness, warmpth, accurate empathy, respect, and nonjedgmentalness-
and communication of these attitudes to clients- are stressed. Clients use this
real relationship with the therapist to help them transfer what they learn to
other relationships.
