PSYC-375 History of Psychology Midterm
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Of the following, who would be most likely to take the position that humans are responsible for their actions? -
CORRECT ANSWER Non determinist and soft determinist
_________________ emphasizes the works of individuals who most prominently contributed to a topic such as Plato,
Aristotle, Descartes, Darwin of Freud in - CORRECT ANSWER The Great-person approach.
The approach which shows how various individuals or events contributed to change in an idea or concept throughout the
years. - CORRECT ANSWER Historical Development
Popper believed that the problem with observations was that - CORRECT ANSWER it is selective.
Poppers believed that there was three stages of obervations - CORRECT ANSWER view of the problem, theories
(proposed solutions), and criticism
Kuhn refers to Normal Science as - CORRECT ANSWER Mopping-up operation of paradigm.
Following a paradigm, scientists explore in depth problems defined by the paradigm and utilize the techniques suggested
by the paradigm while exploring those problems. - CORRECT ANSWER Normal Science
The theory in which all scientific theory must be able to be proven false in order for it to be considered scientific -
CORRECT ANSWER Principle of Falsifiability
______________ explains the reason Popper though that empirical observation was too vague and unrefutability. -
CORRECT ANSWER Principle of Falsafibility
The potential of theory being incorrect. Popper believes this is a must to be scientific - CORRECT
ANSWER Risky Prediction
Popper believes that in order to of a theory to be scientific they must include - CORRECT ANSWER Risky
Predictions.
The theory in which you make sense of a theory or explain a phenomenon after it has occurred - CORRECT
ANSWER Post-diction
Popper thought that empirical observation gave the notion that - CORRECT ANSWER Scientists just wonder
around observing and explaining what they observe
Popper __________ that scientific activity starts with empirical observation. - CORRECT ANSWER Disagree
Emphasizes the influence s of other factors such as political, technology, and economic conditions. - CORRECT
ANSWER Zeitgeist
A combination of __________________ and _________________ is used to understand history. - CORRECT
ANSWER Presentism and Historicism
The focus of looking at the past for it's own sake. - CORRECT ANSWER Historicism
The focus on looking at psychology today and attempting to show how it become that way. - CORRECT
ANSWER Presentism
The ____ stresses a person's beliefs, emotions, perceptions, values, and goals as determinants of behavior. - CORRECT
ANSWER Soft Determinist
,For Aristotle, sensory experience - CORRECT ANSWER was necessary but not sufficient for attaining knowledge
According to Aristotle, we perceive environmental objects because: - CORRECT ANSWER their movement
influences a medium, which in turn stimulates one or more of the five senses
Protagorus, the best known Sophist, presented the Sophist's position. Which of the following is not representative of the
position? - CORRECT ANSWER what is truth is not affected by the cultterm-5ure in which one lives
Socrates used the method of ____ to determine what all examples of a concept such as beauty had in common. -
CORRECT ANSWER inductive definition
The force that transforms matter into a particular form is its ____ cause. - CORRECT ANSWER efficient
____ stresses the emotional or unconscious determinants of human behavior. - CORRECT ANSWER Irrationalism
The study of knowledge is called: - CORRECT ANSWER epistemology
The contention that what we experience mentally accurately reflects the physical world is called: - CORRECT
ANSWER naive realism
Philosophy began: - CORRECT ANSWER when logos replaced mythos
The allegory of the cave demonstrates: - CORRECT ANSWER how difficult it is to deliver humans from ignorance
Plato believed that the ideal society would be governed by: - CORRECT ANSWER philosopher-kings
For Aristotle, sensory experience: - CORRECT ANSWER is necessary but not sufficient for attaining knowledge
According to St. Augustine, humans can have conceptions of the past and future because: - CORRECT
ANSWER of the remnants of sensory experiences
What was a goal of St.Thomas Aquinas? - CORRECT ANSWER To strengthen the position of the church through
reason
Copernicus argued that: - CORRECT ANSWER the earth revolves around the sun (heliocentric theory)
According to the work of Galileo, which set best illustrates the concepts of primary quality and secondary quality? -
CORRECT ANSWER primary quality: size; secondary quality: color
According to Galileo, secondary qualities: - CORRECT ANSWER cannot be measured objectively
Galileo was among the first to suggest that: - CORRECT ANSWER a science of psychology (conscious
experience) was impossible
According to Bacon, science should utilize: - CORRECT ANSWER only the direct observation of nature
History has shown that Bacon's inductive approach to science was largely ignored. However, ____ and his followers
adopted Bacon's philosophy of science. - CORRECT ANSWER Skinner
Concerning the mind-body relationship, Descartes proposed: - CORRECT ANSWER interactionism
Descartes believed that: - CORRECT ANSWER the mind is nonmaterial
Later in history, Bacon's approach to science was called: - CORRECT ANSWER positivism
The religion in which individuals are caught in an eternal struggle between wisdom and correctness as well as ignorance
and evil is called: - CORRECT ANSWER Zoroastrianism
, According to Philo, the way to true knowledge is by: - CORRECT ANSWER a purified, passive mind receiving
divine illumination
For St. Augustine, the primary goal of human existence was to: - CORRECT ANSWER enter into a personal,
emotional union with God
Which of the following occurred during the Dark Ages (c. 400-1000)? - CORRECT ANSWER Arab philosophy,
science, and theology flourished
Aquinas' great achievement was the: - CORRECT ANSWER reconciliation of faith and reason
To remove inconsistencies in church dogma, Abelard used: - CORRECT ANSWER the dialectic method
All of the following were true of Averroes' philosophy except: - CORRECT ANSWER it was basically Platonistic
According to Lombard, all of the following was a way of knowing God except: - CORRECT ANSWER avoiding
sensory experience
This person preferred naturalistic explanations to supernatural ones and earned the title "Destroyer of Religion." -
CORRECT ANSWER Epicurus
All of the following individuals searched for abstract truths that existed beyond the world of appearance except: -
CORRECT ANSWER Pythagoras
b. Plato
c. William of Occam Correct(p. 92)
d. Aquinas
Which of the following accepted a completely materialistic philosophy? - CORRECT ANSWER . Zeno of Citium
b. the Epicureans Incorrect(pp. 69-71)
c. the Stoics
d. all of these choices
Feedback
The correct answer is: all of these choices
Which of the following did not characterize Renaissance humanism? - CORRECT ANSWER a deep appreciation
of Aristotelianism
Who was the astronomer who suggested that the earth revolves around the sun 1,700 years before Copernicus? -
CORRECT ANSWER Aristarchus of Samos
The only justification for accepting Copernicus' heliocentric theory was that it: - CORRECT ANSWER explained
known astrological facts in a simpler, more harmonious, mathematical order
Which of the following was a negative aspect of Protestantism? - CORRECT ANSWER It embraced the
philosophies of Aristotle.
b. It insisted on accepting the existence of God on faith alone; trying to understand God through reason was foolish.
c. It accepted reason and the observation of nature as ways of knowing God. Incorrect(p. 103)
d. As a religion, it was very forgiving of its followers' sins.
Feedback
The correct answer is: It insisted on accepting the existence of God on faith alone; trying to understand God through
reason was foolish.
Galileo used experiments to do all of the following except: - CORRECT ANSWER show that essences are
important for explanations
According to Bacon, the human tendency to see events as they would like them constituted the: - CORRECT
ANSWER idol of the tribe
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Of the following, who would be most likely to take the position that humans are responsible for their actions? -
CORRECT ANSWER Non determinist and soft determinist
_________________ emphasizes the works of individuals who most prominently contributed to a topic such as Plato,
Aristotle, Descartes, Darwin of Freud in - CORRECT ANSWER The Great-person approach.
The approach which shows how various individuals or events contributed to change in an idea or concept throughout the
years. - CORRECT ANSWER Historical Development
Popper believed that the problem with observations was that - CORRECT ANSWER it is selective.
Poppers believed that there was three stages of obervations - CORRECT ANSWER view of the problem, theories
(proposed solutions), and criticism
Kuhn refers to Normal Science as - CORRECT ANSWER Mopping-up operation of paradigm.
Following a paradigm, scientists explore in depth problems defined by the paradigm and utilize the techniques suggested
by the paradigm while exploring those problems. - CORRECT ANSWER Normal Science
The theory in which all scientific theory must be able to be proven false in order for it to be considered scientific -
CORRECT ANSWER Principle of Falsifiability
______________ explains the reason Popper though that empirical observation was too vague and unrefutability. -
CORRECT ANSWER Principle of Falsafibility
The potential of theory being incorrect. Popper believes this is a must to be scientific - CORRECT
ANSWER Risky Prediction
Popper believes that in order to of a theory to be scientific they must include - CORRECT ANSWER Risky
Predictions.
The theory in which you make sense of a theory or explain a phenomenon after it has occurred - CORRECT
ANSWER Post-diction
Popper thought that empirical observation gave the notion that - CORRECT ANSWER Scientists just wonder
around observing and explaining what they observe
Popper __________ that scientific activity starts with empirical observation. - CORRECT ANSWER Disagree
Emphasizes the influence s of other factors such as political, technology, and economic conditions. - CORRECT
ANSWER Zeitgeist
A combination of __________________ and _________________ is used to understand history. - CORRECT
ANSWER Presentism and Historicism
The focus of looking at the past for it's own sake. - CORRECT ANSWER Historicism
The focus on looking at psychology today and attempting to show how it become that way. - CORRECT
ANSWER Presentism
The ____ stresses a person's beliefs, emotions, perceptions, values, and goals as determinants of behavior. - CORRECT
ANSWER Soft Determinist
,For Aristotle, sensory experience - CORRECT ANSWER was necessary but not sufficient for attaining knowledge
According to Aristotle, we perceive environmental objects because: - CORRECT ANSWER their movement
influences a medium, which in turn stimulates one or more of the five senses
Protagorus, the best known Sophist, presented the Sophist's position. Which of the following is not representative of the
position? - CORRECT ANSWER what is truth is not affected by the cultterm-5ure in which one lives
Socrates used the method of ____ to determine what all examples of a concept such as beauty had in common. -
CORRECT ANSWER inductive definition
The force that transforms matter into a particular form is its ____ cause. - CORRECT ANSWER efficient
____ stresses the emotional or unconscious determinants of human behavior. - CORRECT ANSWER Irrationalism
The study of knowledge is called: - CORRECT ANSWER epistemology
The contention that what we experience mentally accurately reflects the physical world is called: - CORRECT
ANSWER naive realism
Philosophy began: - CORRECT ANSWER when logos replaced mythos
The allegory of the cave demonstrates: - CORRECT ANSWER how difficult it is to deliver humans from ignorance
Plato believed that the ideal society would be governed by: - CORRECT ANSWER philosopher-kings
For Aristotle, sensory experience: - CORRECT ANSWER is necessary but not sufficient for attaining knowledge
According to St. Augustine, humans can have conceptions of the past and future because: - CORRECT
ANSWER of the remnants of sensory experiences
What was a goal of St.Thomas Aquinas? - CORRECT ANSWER To strengthen the position of the church through
reason
Copernicus argued that: - CORRECT ANSWER the earth revolves around the sun (heliocentric theory)
According to the work of Galileo, which set best illustrates the concepts of primary quality and secondary quality? -
CORRECT ANSWER primary quality: size; secondary quality: color
According to Galileo, secondary qualities: - CORRECT ANSWER cannot be measured objectively
Galileo was among the first to suggest that: - CORRECT ANSWER a science of psychology (conscious
experience) was impossible
According to Bacon, science should utilize: - CORRECT ANSWER only the direct observation of nature
History has shown that Bacon's inductive approach to science was largely ignored. However, ____ and his followers
adopted Bacon's philosophy of science. - CORRECT ANSWER Skinner
Concerning the mind-body relationship, Descartes proposed: - CORRECT ANSWER interactionism
Descartes believed that: - CORRECT ANSWER the mind is nonmaterial
Later in history, Bacon's approach to science was called: - CORRECT ANSWER positivism
The religion in which individuals are caught in an eternal struggle between wisdom and correctness as well as ignorance
and evil is called: - CORRECT ANSWER Zoroastrianism
, According to Philo, the way to true knowledge is by: - CORRECT ANSWER a purified, passive mind receiving
divine illumination
For St. Augustine, the primary goal of human existence was to: - CORRECT ANSWER enter into a personal,
emotional union with God
Which of the following occurred during the Dark Ages (c. 400-1000)? - CORRECT ANSWER Arab philosophy,
science, and theology flourished
Aquinas' great achievement was the: - CORRECT ANSWER reconciliation of faith and reason
To remove inconsistencies in church dogma, Abelard used: - CORRECT ANSWER the dialectic method
All of the following were true of Averroes' philosophy except: - CORRECT ANSWER it was basically Platonistic
According to Lombard, all of the following was a way of knowing God except: - CORRECT ANSWER avoiding
sensory experience
This person preferred naturalistic explanations to supernatural ones and earned the title "Destroyer of Religion." -
CORRECT ANSWER Epicurus
All of the following individuals searched for abstract truths that existed beyond the world of appearance except: -
CORRECT ANSWER Pythagoras
b. Plato
c. William of Occam Correct(p. 92)
d. Aquinas
Which of the following accepted a completely materialistic philosophy? - CORRECT ANSWER . Zeno of Citium
b. the Epicureans Incorrect(pp. 69-71)
c. the Stoics
d. all of these choices
Feedback
The correct answer is: all of these choices
Which of the following did not characterize Renaissance humanism? - CORRECT ANSWER a deep appreciation
of Aristotelianism
Who was the astronomer who suggested that the earth revolves around the sun 1,700 years before Copernicus? -
CORRECT ANSWER Aristarchus of Samos
The only justification for accepting Copernicus' heliocentric theory was that it: - CORRECT ANSWER explained
known astrological facts in a simpler, more harmonious, mathematical order
Which of the following was a negative aspect of Protestantism? - CORRECT ANSWER It embraced the
philosophies of Aristotle.
b. It insisted on accepting the existence of God on faith alone; trying to understand God through reason was foolish.
c. It accepted reason and the observation of nature as ways of knowing God. Incorrect(p. 103)
d. As a religion, it was very forgiving of its followers' sins.
Feedback
The correct answer is: It insisted on accepting the existence of God on faith alone; trying to understand God through
reason was foolish.
Galileo used experiments to do all of the following except: - CORRECT ANSWER show that essences are
important for explanations
According to Bacon, the human tendency to see events as they would like them constituted the: - CORRECT
ANSWER idol of the tribe
