BIOLOGY 305 UPDATED EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE ANSWERS
◉ systemic circuit.
Answer: circulation that supplies blood to all the body except to the
lungs
◉ pulmonary circuit.
Answer: carries blood to the lungs for gas exchange and returns it to the
heart
◉ Poiseuille's equation.
Answer: -predicts volume flow rate in a cylindrical vessel
-only r really changes
◉ arteries.
Answer: -carry blood away from the heart
-strong, muscular layer
-do not present large resistance to flow
-little pressure drop until blood enters microcirculation
◉ arterioles.
,Answer: -small vessels that receive blood from the arteries
-muscular, resistance vessels (present significant resistance to flow)
-major site of pressure regulation and loss
-respond to nervous input, tissue demand, and other factors to modify R
-primary regulators of TPR
◉ resistance.
Answer: ______ determines BP and blood flow in the arterioles
◉ TPR.
Answer: -total peripheral resistance
-resistance that the heart works against
-no BP change when constant
◉ BP.
Answer: determined by:
-blood volume (fluid intake/loss)
-cardiac output (HR and SV)
-resistance to blood flow (arteriole diameter)
-blood distribution between arteries and veins (vein diameter)
◉ R.
, Answer: control of peripheral __ partly controlled by autonomic
outflows: epinephrine (adrenal medulla) and norepinephrine (symp. NS)
can cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation of arteriolar smooth muscle
◉ alpha.
Answer: ___(alpha/beta)____ receptors cause vasoconstriction
tissue examples: kidneys, digestive system, skeletal muscle
◉ beta.
Answer: ___(alpha/beta)____ receptors cause vasodilation
tissue examples: lungs, heart
◉ alpha.
Answer: during fight or flight, you want to use ___(alpha/beta)____
receptors to dilate arterioles in skeletal muscle (local control - don't want
BP to drop too much)
◉ local resistance.
Answer: -control of arteriolar contractility → vasodilation in response to
flow mismatches
-can target one area to send blood to
-local control is possible everywhere but stronger in skeletal muscles
◉ baroreceptors.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE ANSWERS
◉ systemic circuit.
Answer: circulation that supplies blood to all the body except to the
lungs
◉ pulmonary circuit.
Answer: carries blood to the lungs for gas exchange and returns it to the
heart
◉ Poiseuille's equation.
Answer: -predicts volume flow rate in a cylindrical vessel
-only r really changes
◉ arteries.
Answer: -carry blood away from the heart
-strong, muscular layer
-do not present large resistance to flow
-little pressure drop until blood enters microcirculation
◉ arterioles.
,Answer: -small vessels that receive blood from the arteries
-muscular, resistance vessels (present significant resistance to flow)
-major site of pressure regulation and loss
-respond to nervous input, tissue demand, and other factors to modify R
-primary regulators of TPR
◉ resistance.
Answer: ______ determines BP and blood flow in the arterioles
◉ TPR.
Answer: -total peripheral resistance
-resistance that the heart works against
-no BP change when constant
◉ BP.
Answer: determined by:
-blood volume (fluid intake/loss)
-cardiac output (HR and SV)
-resistance to blood flow (arteriole diameter)
-blood distribution between arteries and veins (vein diameter)
◉ R.
, Answer: control of peripheral __ partly controlled by autonomic
outflows: epinephrine (adrenal medulla) and norepinephrine (symp. NS)
can cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation of arteriolar smooth muscle
◉ alpha.
Answer: ___(alpha/beta)____ receptors cause vasoconstriction
tissue examples: kidneys, digestive system, skeletal muscle
◉ beta.
Answer: ___(alpha/beta)____ receptors cause vasodilation
tissue examples: lungs, heart
◉ alpha.
Answer: during fight or flight, you want to use ___(alpha/beta)____
receptors to dilate arterioles in skeletal muscle (local control - don't want
BP to drop too much)
◉ local resistance.
Answer: -control of arteriolar contractility → vasodilation in response to
flow mismatches
-can target one area to send blood to
-local control is possible everywhere but stronger in skeletal muscles
◉ baroreceptors.
