PSYCH 381 EXAM 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
The CNS includes the ______, while the PNS includes the _______
A. brain and autonomic nervous system; spinal cord and somatic nervous system
B. spinal cord and autonomic nervous system; brain and somatic nervous system
C. spinal cord and brain; autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system
D. somatic nervous system and brain; spinal cord and autonomic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - C
What are the functions of the superior and inferior colliculi respectively?
A. auditory and visual
B. visual and auditory
C. tactile and visual
D. visual and tactile - CORRECT ANSWER - A
There are _____ pairs of cranial nerves.
A. 12
B. 24
C. 16
D. 8 - CORRECT ANSWER - A
Which of the following is NOT correlated with brain size?
A. Health
B. Gender
C. Age
D. Intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER - D
The red nucleus, substantia nigra, and periaqueductal gray matter are parts of the:
A. tectum.
B. pons.
C. tegmentum.
D. reticular formation. - CORRECT ANSWER - C
The basal ganglia primarily controls:
A. decision making.
B. voluntary movement.
C. learning and memory.
D. processing of sound. - CORRECT ANSWER - B
The cerebellum contains _____ of all the neurons in the adult human brain.
A. 20%
B. 50%
C. 10%
D. 80% - CORRECT ANSWER - D
The set of brain structures responsible for most of our unconscious behaviors is called:
A. the cerebral hemisphere.
B. the brainstem.
C. the cerebrum.
D. the cerebellum. - CORRECT ANSWER - B
, The term afferent refers to _____ signals.
A. incoming
B. outgoing
C. different
D. similar - CORRECT ANSWER - A
Which is NOT part of the peripheral nervous system?
A. sensory receptors in the skin
B. connections to motor neurons
C. sensory and motor connections to internal organs (e.g., the stomach)
D. the spinal cord - CORRECT ANSWER - D
What are the major functions of ependymal cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - They produce CSF
Differentiate between gray matter and white matter - CORRECT ANSWER - Gray: motor control, contains neuron
cell bodies
White: Sensory control/external. Axons of cell bodies
Define EPSP - CORRECT ANSWER - excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Makes Action potential more likely.
Results of opening Na+ channel (making it more positive).
Define IPSP (inhibitory postsynaptic potential) - CORRECT ANSWER - a small hyperpolarization produced in
the postsynaptic cell as a result of input from the presynaptic cell
What is the function of myelin? How does it influence the conduction of a nerve impulse? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Forms a sheath around the axon to aid in the conduction speed of a nerve impulse.
Differentiate between absolute and relative refractory periods. - CORRECT ANSWER - Absolute is the time
where another action potential absolutely cannot be initiated.
Relative is right after the absolute, where the initiation of another action potential is inhibited but not impossible.
What are the 5 types of glial cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. astrocytes
2. ependymal cells
3. microglia
4. oligodendrocytes
5. schwann cells
What are the primary functions of the glial cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - Ependymal: produces CSF
Microglia: First cell in brain, immune response
Astrocyte: Provides scaffolding for neurons. Blood - brain barrier.
Oligodendroglial: CNS, wrap around axon and provide insulation
Schwann: PNS, same as oligodendroglial, but peripheral.
What is Huntington's disease? - CORRECT ANSWER - rare, hyperkinetic, autosomal dominant disease involving
multiple abnormal CAG triplet repeats (<29 is normal) w/in the HD gene on chromosome 4. The nerve cells in the brain
break down over time. It affects motor system and basal ganglia.
What is a sulcus? - CORRECT ANSWER - groove
What is a gyrus? - CORRECT ANSWER - ridge
What are the structures and functions of the diencephalon? - CORRECT ANSWER - Thalamus: the gateway to the
cortex
Hypothalamus: Regulates moods, anxiety, depression.
List the 5 meninges from the outside to the surface of the brain - CORRECT ANSWER - Dura mater, arachnoid
mater, subarachnoid mater, pia mater
Questions and CORRECT Answers
The CNS includes the ______, while the PNS includes the _______
A. brain and autonomic nervous system; spinal cord and somatic nervous system
B. spinal cord and autonomic nervous system; brain and somatic nervous system
C. spinal cord and brain; autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system
D. somatic nervous system and brain; spinal cord and autonomic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - C
What are the functions of the superior and inferior colliculi respectively?
A. auditory and visual
B. visual and auditory
C. tactile and visual
D. visual and tactile - CORRECT ANSWER - A
There are _____ pairs of cranial nerves.
A. 12
B. 24
C. 16
D. 8 - CORRECT ANSWER - A
Which of the following is NOT correlated with brain size?
A. Health
B. Gender
C. Age
D. Intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER - D
The red nucleus, substantia nigra, and periaqueductal gray matter are parts of the:
A. tectum.
B. pons.
C. tegmentum.
D. reticular formation. - CORRECT ANSWER - C
The basal ganglia primarily controls:
A. decision making.
B. voluntary movement.
C. learning and memory.
D. processing of sound. - CORRECT ANSWER - B
The cerebellum contains _____ of all the neurons in the adult human brain.
A. 20%
B. 50%
C. 10%
D. 80% - CORRECT ANSWER - D
The set of brain structures responsible for most of our unconscious behaviors is called:
A. the cerebral hemisphere.
B. the brainstem.
C. the cerebrum.
D. the cerebellum. - CORRECT ANSWER - B
, The term afferent refers to _____ signals.
A. incoming
B. outgoing
C. different
D. similar - CORRECT ANSWER - A
Which is NOT part of the peripheral nervous system?
A. sensory receptors in the skin
B. connections to motor neurons
C. sensory and motor connections to internal organs (e.g., the stomach)
D. the spinal cord - CORRECT ANSWER - D
What are the major functions of ependymal cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - They produce CSF
Differentiate between gray matter and white matter - CORRECT ANSWER - Gray: motor control, contains neuron
cell bodies
White: Sensory control/external. Axons of cell bodies
Define EPSP - CORRECT ANSWER - excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Makes Action potential more likely.
Results of opening Na+ channel (making it more positive).
Define IPSP (inhibitory postsynaptic potential) - CORRECT ANSWER - a small hyperpolarization produced in
the postsynaptic cell as a result of input from the presynaptic cell
What is the function of myelin? How does it influence the conduction of a nerve impulse? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Forms a sheath around the axon to aid in the conduction speed of a nerve impulse.
Differentiate between absolute and relative refractory periods. - CORRECT ANSWER - Absolute is the time
where another action potential absolutely cannot be initiated.
Relative is right after the absolute, where the initiation of another action potential is inhibited but not impossible.
What are the 5 types of glial cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. astrocytes
2. ependymal cells
3. microglia
4. oligodendrocytes
5. schwann cells
What are the primary functions of the glial cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - Ependymal: produces CSF
Microglia: First cell in brain, immune response
Astrocyte: Provides scaffolding for neurons. Blood - brain barrier.
Oligodendroglial: CNS, wrap around axon and provide insulation
Schwann: PNS, same as oligodendroglial, but peripheral.
What is Huntington's disease? - CORRECT ANSWER - rare, hyperkinetic, autosomal dominant disease involving
multiple abnormal CAG triplet repeats (<29 is normal) w/in the HD gene on chromosome 4. The nerve cells in the brain
break down over time. It affects motor system and basal ganglia.
What is a sulcus? - CORRECT ANSWER - groove
What is a gyrus? - CORRECT ANSWER - ridge
What are the structures and functions of the diencephalon? - CORRECT ANSWER - Thalamus: the gateway to the
cortex
Hypothalamus: Regulates moods, anxiety, depression.
List the 5 meninges from the outside to the surface of the brain - CORRECT ANSWER - Dura mater, arachnoid
mater, subarachnoid mater, pia mater
