PSYCH 381 EXAM 1 UPDATED Questions and
CORRECT Answers
how many neurons are in the human brain? - CORRECT ANSWER - 86 billion
the number of neurons is NOT strongly correlated with what? - CORRECT ANSWER - intellectual ability
human brain average weight - CORRECT ANSWER - 3 pounds
the flynn effect - CORRECT ANSWER - the increase in IQ scores over generations
what is the flynn effect linked to? - CORRECT ANSWER - education
connectome - CORRECT ANSWER - pathways connecting the different regions of the brain
ratio of neurons in the brain to neurons in the cerebellum - CORRECT ANSWER - 1:4
cerebellum always has more neurons than the brain
ganglia - CORRECT ANSWER - a group of neurons that function together
encephalization quotient - CORRECT ANSWER - the ratio of actual brain size to expected brain size estimated
from body size
highest brain size - CORRECT ANSWER - humans
neuroplasticity - CORRECT ANSWER - the brain's ability to change and adapt to the brain's internal or external
conditions
genotypes - CORRECT ANSWER - genetic makeup of the gene
phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER - expression or suppression of a certain gene
epigenetics - CORRECT ANSWER - how the environment interacts with the genes can affect how they are
expressed
does NOT alter DNA; just alters how it's expressed
what influences a gene's expression? - CORRECT ANSWER - the environment
epigenetic mechanisms influence what? - CORRECT ANSWER - protein production
gene (DNA) methylation - CORRECT ANSWER - block transcription of DNA into mRNA
some epigenetic changes... - CORRECT ANSWER - can be passed down across generations
frontal lobe - CORRECT ANSWER - motor and executive functions
parietal lobe - CORRECT ANSWER - tactile functions
temporal lobe - CORRECT ANSWER - visual, auditory, gustatory functions
occipital lobe - CORRECT ANSWER - visual functions
autonomic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - sympathetic (arousing)
parasympathetic (calming)
, inside to out of head - CORRECT ANSWER - skull
dura mater
arachnoid membrane
subarachnoid space filled with CSF
pia mater
brain
CSF - CORRECT ANSWER - fluid produced by the choroid plexus, it suspends the brain, acts as a shock
absorber, and provides protection from mild head blows
provides stable environment for optimal brain function
meninges - CORRECT ANSWER - protective layer that cover the brain
prevent infection and disease from reaching the brain
meningitis - CORRECT ANSWER - inflammation caused by infection
what is the brain's surface covered with? - CORRECT ANSWER - blood vessels
each of the three major arteries that feed blood to the cerebral hemispheres branch to where and why? - CORRECT
ANSWER - to supply the regions shaded in pink
stroke occurs with blockage or break in ____? - CORRECT ANSWER - cerebral artery
parts of the brain affected by stroke - CORRECT ANSWER - anterior
middle
posterior
brainstem - CORRECT ANSWER - responsible for most life-sustaining behavior
3 regions of brainstem - CORRECT ANSWER - diencephalon (top)
midbrain
hindbrain (bottom)
diencephalon - CORRECT ANSWER - the between brain
integrates sensory and motor information on its way to cerebral cortex
hypothalamus and thalamus
lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (VISUAL INPUT)
hypothalamus - CORRECT ANSWER - diencephalon structure that contains many nuclei associated with
temperature regulation, eating, drinking, and sexual behavior
thalamus - CORRECT ANSWER - diencephalon structure through which information from all sensory systems is
organized, integrated, and projected into the appropriate region of the neocortex
CORRECT Answers
how many neurons are in the human brain? - CORRECT ANSWER - 86 billion
the number of neurons is NOT strongly correlated with what? - CORRECT ANSWER - intellectual ability
human brain average weight - CORRECT ANSWER - 3 pounds
the flynn effect - CORRECT ANSWER - the increase in IQ scores over generations
what is the flynn effect linked to? - CORRECT ANSWER - education
connectome - CORRECT ANSWER - pathways connecting the different regions of the brain
ratio of neurons in the brain to neurons in the cerebellum - CORRECT ANSWER - 1:4
cerebellum always has more neurons than the brain
ganglia - CORRECT ANSWER - a group of neurons that function together
encephalization quotient - CORRECT ANSWER - the ratio of actual brain size to expected brain size estimated
from body size
highest brain size - CORRECT ANSWER - humans
neuroplasticity - CORRECT ANSWER - the brain's ability to change and adapt to the brain's internal or external
conditions
genotypes - CORRECT ANSWER - genetic makeup of the gene
phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER - expression or suppression of a certain gene
epigenetics - CORRECT ANSWER - how the environment interacts with the genes can affect how they are
expressed
does NOT alter DNA; just alters how it's expressed
what influences a gene's expression? - CORRECT ANSWER - the environment
epigenetic mechanisms influence what? - CORRECT ANSWER - protein production
gene (DNA) methylation - CORRECT ANSWER - block transcription of DNA into mRNA
some epigenetic changes... - CORRECT ANSWER - can be passed down across generations
frontal lobe - CORRECT ANSWER - motor and executive functions
parietal lobe - CORRECT ANSWER - tactile functions
temporal lobe - CORRECT ANSWER - visual, auditory, gustatory functions
occipital lobe - CORRECT ANSWER - visual functions
autonomic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - sympathetic (arousing)
parasympathetic (calming)
, inside to out of head - CORRECT ANSWER - skull
dura mater
arachnoid membrane
subarachnoid space filled with CSF
pia mater
brain
CSF - CORRECT ANSWER - fluid produced by the choroid plexus, it suspends the brain, acts as a shock
absorber, and provides protection from mild head blows
provides stable environment for optimal brain function
meninges - CORRECT ANSWER - protective layer that cover the brain
prevent infection and disease from reaching the brain
meningitis - CORRECT ANSWER - inflammation caused by infection
what is the brain's surface covered with? - CORRECT ANSWER - blood vessels
each of the three major arteries that feed blood to the cerebral hemispheres branch to where and why? - CORRECT
ANSWER - to supply the regions shaded in pink
stroke occurs with blockage or break in ____? - CORRECT ANSWER - cerebral artery
parts of the brain affected by stroke - CORRECT ANSWER - anterior
middle
posterior
brainstem - CORRECT ANSWER - responsible for most life-sustaining behavior
3 regions of brainstem - CORRECT ANSWER - diencephalon (top)
midbrain
hindbrain (bottom)
diencephalon - CORRECT ANSWER - the between brain
integrates sensory and motor information on its way to cerebral cortex
hypothalamus and thalamus
lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (VISUAL INPUT)
hypothalamus - CORRECT ANSWER - diencephalon structure that contains many nuclei associated with
temperature regulation, eating, drinking, and sexual behavior
thalamus - CORRECT ANSWER - diencephalon structure through which information from all sensory systems is
organized, integrated, and projected into the appropriate region of the neocortex
