chem 100 exam 2 questions and accurate answers guaranteed pass

polar covalent bond - correct answers anything from 0.4-1.9 (arrow on polar points to highest electronegativity) polar bonds - correct answers covalent bonds with uneven distributions of electrons chemical reactions - correct answers reactants (starting substance) - products (new substance) electronegativity - correct answers the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond. ~greater difference in value makes it more polar ~atoms of equal electronegativity values do NOT for polar bonds therefore its bond is non polar (sharing e-'s equally) F - correct answers has the highest electronegativity value shapes of bonds - correct answers x x (trigonal pyramidal) y (bent) x y x x y x x x (tetrahedral) x valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR) - correct answers the negative charges of bonding e-'s and lone pair e-'s in a molecule repel each other which determines the shape of the molecule molecular formula - correct answers specifies the actual # of the atoms in the molecule and not the simplest ratio lewis model - correct answers 1.) the valence e-'s are most important in bonding 2.) valence e-'s are transferred from one atom to another in ionic bonds or shared between atoms for covalent bonds (molecular cmpds) 3.) when the valence e-'s are transferred or shared the atoms in the cmpd form full outer orbits and gain stable electrons configurations. resonance - correct answers averaging of the 2 identical lewis structures light - correct answers is not matter and it has no mass but it is fast 3.00x10^8 m/s or 186,000mi/s sunlight - correct answers white light molecules dont absorb any light=white absorb all light=black ROY G BIV - correct answers colors of the rainbow carotenes - correct answers decomposed chlorophyll, orange and red, absorbs all other colors chlorophyll - correct answers absorbs all colors except blue, yellow, and green full of it= different colors of green green leaves=yellow and blue together photon - correct answers particles of light tiny packets of energy traveling at the speed of light magnetic field - correct answers the area around a magnet where forces are felt and experienced electric field - correct answers the area around a changed particle where forces are experienced wavelength - correct answers distance between wave crests that determines the color of light frequency - correct answers the # of cycles or crests of the wave that passes a certain point each second. (violet=high, red=low) electromagnetic radiation - correct answers general term to refer to all forms of light stage 1 - correct answers energy states, ground state energy state - correct answers atoms with electrons in particular orbits (stage 1) ground state - correct answers all electrons are in the lowest energy orbits possible (stage 1) stage 2 - correct answers excited state Excited State - correct answers the electron is in a higher energy orbit unstable excited state (stage 2) naming molecular compound - correct answers 2 nonmetals, the element that is closer to the metals is usually written first, prefixes are used to distinguish # of atoms (carbon dioxide) molecular compounds - correct answers compounds containing only nonmetals, the atoms share electrons to gain stability electronic relaxation - correct answers electron falls back to original orbit releasing energy (stage 3) stage 3 - correct answers electron returns to ground state and emits energy in several possible forms (color, heat, light, high energy) photodecomposition - correct answers the molecules break apart (stage 3) ionic bonds - correct answers the bond that forms when a metal transfers its valence electrons to the nonmetal (lewis structure includes [Mg]^+2[O]^-2 as well as dots) ionic compound - correct answers compounds containing a metal and one or more nonmetals (metals lose e-'s transfer its e-'s to the nonmetal so that the nonmetals gain) ex: NaCl naming ionic cmpds - correct answers binary, -2 elements ionic cmpds name the cation (metal) name the anion (nonmetal) -ide ex: NaCl sodium chloride [no prefixes] crystalline lattice - correct answers a well ordered cubic shaped structure held together by ionic bonds polyatomic ions - correct answers anions that contain more than 1 atom electrolyte solution - correct answers solutions with dissolved ions good conductors of electricity due to the mobility of the ions. electricity - correct answers the flow of charged particles covalent bonds - correct answers the bond that forms between nonmetals (molecular compounds are composed of clusters of atoms bonded together to form molecules) lewis structure {dots are included} Cl-Cl nonpolar covalent bonds - correct answers any value between 0-0.3