FRESENIUS EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Erythropoietin - Correct Answers -Stimulate bone marrow to make RBCs
Renin - Correct Answers -Controls blood pressure
A hormone produced by the kidneys with important effects on the regulation of blood
pressure, and on sodium and potassium balance
Urea - Correct Answers -By-product of protein metabolism
Creatinine - Correct Answers -By-product of muscle metabolism
Uric acid - Correct Answers -Occurs naturally in human body as a result of metabolism
of purine
Purine - Correct Answers -A muscle protein that enters the body either through dietary
intake (about 30%) or from the breakdown of the body's own cells during cell turnover
Epogen, Mircera - Correct Answers -Synthetic form of erythropoietin; given to dialysis
patients to treat anemia
Calcitriol - Correct Answers -Activated form of Vitamin D, converted by kidneys
Helps to maintain good bone health by helping absorb calcium from foods eaten
Calcijex, Zemplar, Hectorol - Correct Answers -Synthetic calcitriol
Medications used in treating bone disease for hemodialysis patients
Glomerular filtration rate - Correct Answers -The flow rate of filtered fluid through the
kidney and is categorized by stages
Renal osteodystrophy - Correct Answers -Bone disease
Caused because patients with kidney disease no longer produce calcitriol & no longer
excrete excess phosphorus
,Percentage of adult's weight that's water - Correct Answers -50-70%
Intracellular - Correct Answers -Inside the cells
Extracellular - Correct Answers -Outside the cells
Intravascular - Correct Answers -Inside the blood vessels
Interstitial - Correct Answers -Between the cells
Factors that affect the rate of diffusion - Correct Answers -Concentration gradient
Temperature - Solutes move faster in warmer temperatures
Molecular weight of solutes - Smaller molecules move faster than larger molecules
Nature of the solution
Membrane permeability
Surface area - A larger semipermeable membrane affords more diffusion
Flow geometry convection - Solute drag
Countercurrent flow - Correct Answers -Blood and dialysate flow in opposite directions -
called countercurrent flow. As blood flows down into the dialyzer (arterial to venous),
dialysate flows up (venous to arterial). The opposite flow allows for better clearance and
diffusion
What volume should be used for fresh fill/run off? - Correct Answers -Fresh fill/run off
must be performed prior to the initiation of every treatment, 50 mL of saline should be
drained from the arterial line and 250 mL should be drained from the venous line before
lines are connected to the patient
Definition of exposure incident - Correct Answers -Includes contaminated sharps injury
Blood/body fluid splash/spray occurring to mucous membranes (eyes, nose, mouth) or
to non-intact skin
QAI - Correct Answers -Federal regulatory requirement - mandatory condition of
coverage for providers of ESRD services
Identify problems, create plans to correct problems or to improve care, and to review
results of our efforts
Reviewing the CQS measurement tool
Focus only on those items that are not meeting goals
Monthly meeting
, CQS - Correct Answers -A performance measurement tool that measures level of
achievement of key metrics and calculates an overall score per clinic at a specific point
in time
Indicators set by FKC Medical Office
Generated monthly
Team identifies scores for performance
Aids in problem solving with links to other dashboards and reports
Electrolytes - Correct Answers -Charged particles that can conduct an electrical current
Electrolytes in the body control motor, muscle, and nerve function, and maintain the
body's homeostasis
The most important electrolytes to consider in uremic patients are - Correct Answers -
Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium
Fluid removed during hemodialysis comes from which body fluid compartments? -
Correct Answers -During dialysis fluid is removed from the intravascular fluid
compartment or bloodstream
Normal blood pH - Correct Answers -7.35-7.45
Bicarbonate - Correct Answers -A buffer that helps to maintain a constant pH in a
solution even if an acid or base is added. Healthy kidneys maintain normal body pH by
making and regulating HCO3. The body uses HCO3 to neutralize acids formed when
cells metabolize proteins and other foods. HCO3 production is decreased in people with
renal failure
Dialysate - Correct Answers -A non-sterile solution and its function is to remove waste
products from the blood and balance electrolytes
Composed of purified water, acid solution, and bicarbonate solution. The bicarbonate
solution helps treat metabolic acidosis
What electrolytes are found in the dialysate? - Correct Answers -Electrolytes in the
dialysate must be in similar amounts to what is normally in the body's electrolyte count
Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride
Conductivity - Correct Answers -The ability of a solution to transmit or conduct an
electrical current. In dialysis, it's used to calculate the electrolyte concentration in the
final dialysate
Safe conductivity range - Correct Answers -+/- 0.5 mEq/L from Theoretical Conductivity
(TCD)
ANSWERS
Erythropoietin - Correct Answers -Stimulate bone marrow to make RBCs
Renin - Correct Answers -Controls blood pressure
A hormone produced by the kidneys with important effects on the regulation of blood
pressure, and on sodium and potassium balance
Urea - Correct Answers -By-product of protein metabolism
Creatinine - Correct Answers -By-product of muscle metabolism
Uric acid - Correct Answers -Occurs naturally in human body as a result of metabolism
of purine
Purine - Correct Answers -A muscle protein that enters the body either through dietary
intake (about 30%) or from the breakdown of the body's own cells during cell turnover
Epogen, Mircera - Correct Answers -Synthetic form of erythropoietin; given to dialysis
patients to treat anemia
Calcitriol - Correct Answers -Activated form of Vitamin D, converted by kidneys
Helps to maintain good bone health by helping absorb calcium from foods eaten
Calcijex, Zemplar, Hectorol - Correct Answers -Synthetic calcitriol
Medications used in treating bone disease for hemodialysis patients
Glomerular filtration rate - Correct Answers -The flow rate of filtered fluid through the
kidney and is categorized by stages
Renal osteodystrophy - Correct Answers -Bone disease
Caused because patients with kidney disease no longer produce calcitriol & no longer
excrete excess phosphorus
,Percentage of adult's weight that's water - Correct Answers -50-70%
Intracellular - Correct Answers -Inside the cells
Extracellular - Correct Answers -Outside the cells
Intravascular - Correct Answers -Inside the blood vessels
Interstitial - Correct Answers -Between the cells
Factors that affect the rate of diffusion - Correct Answers -Concentration gradient
Temperature - Solutes move faster in warmer temperatures
Molecular weight of solutes - Smaller molecules move faster than larger molecules
Nature of the solution
Membrane permeability
Surface area - A larger semipermeable membrane affords more diffusion
Flow geometry convection - Solute drag
Countercurrent flow - Correct Answers -Blood and dialysate flow in opposite directions -
called countercurrent flow. As blood flows down into the dialyzer (arterial to venous),
dialysate flows up (venous to arterial). The opposite flow allows for better clearance and
diffusion
What volume should be used for fresh fill/run off? - Correct Answers -Fresh fill/run off
must be performed prior to the initiation of every treatment, 50 mL of saline should be
drained from the arterial line and 250 mL should be drained from the venous line before
lines are connected to the patient
Definition of exposure incident - Correct Answers -Includes contaminated sharps injury
Blood/body fluid splash/spray occurring to mucous membranes (eyes, nose, mouth) or
to non-intact skin
QAI - Correct Answers -Federal regulatory requirement - mandatory condition of
coverage for providers of ESRD services
Identify problems, create plans to correct problems or to improve care, and to review
results of our efforts
Reviewing the CQS measurement tool
Focus only on those items that are not meeting goals
Monthly meeting
, CQS - Correct Answers -A performance measurement tool that measures level of
achievement of key metrics and calculates an overall score per clinic at a specific point
in time
Indicators set by FKC Medical Office
Generated monthly
Team identifies scores for performance
Aids in problem solving with links to other dashboards and reports
Electrolytes - Correct Answers -Charged particles that can conduct an electrical current
Electrolytes in the body control motor, muscle, and nerve function, and maintain the
body's homeostasis
The most important electrolytes to consider in uremic patients are - Correct Answers -
Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium
Fluid removed during hemodialysis comes from which body fluid compartments? -
Correct Answers -During dialysis fluid is removed from the intravascular fluid
compartment or bloodstream
Normal blood pH - Correct Answers -7.35-7.45
Bicarbonate - Correct Answers -A buffer that helps to maintain a constant pH in a
solution even if an acid or base is added. Healthy kidneys maintain normal body pH by
making and regulating HCO3. The body uses HCO3 to neutralize acids formed when
cells metabolize proteins and other foods. HCO3 production is decreased in people with
renal failure
Dialysate - Correct Answers -A non-sterile solution and its function is to remove waste
products from the blood and balance electrolytes
Composed of purified water, acid solution, and bicarbonate solution. The bicarbonate
solution helps treat metabolic acidosis
What electrolytes are found in the dialysate? - Correct Answers -Electrolytes in the
dialysate must be in similar amounts to what is normally in the body's electrolyte count
Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride
Conductivity - Correct Answers -The ability of a solution to transmit or conduct an
electrical current. In dialysis, it's used to calculate the electrolyte concentration in the
final dialysate
Safe conductivity range - Correct Answers -+/- 0.5 mEq/L from Theoretical Conductivity
(TCD)
