HSCi 204 Midterm Questions With Complete Solutions
2 Key characteristics of sound Correct Answers 1.
Amplitude/Loudness; How big are peaks
2. Frequency/pitch: How quickly we're going from low to high
2 main supplies of water Correct Answers 1. Surface water:
Exposed to atmosphere, less desirable
ex. lakes, rivers, etc
2. Ground water: water in the ground, not exposed to
atmosphere, more desirable
ex. Aquifers
- 97% of earth is water! and 2/3 of fresh water is ice
-Less than 1% of fresh water found freely
3 critical facts of climate change Correct Answers 1. The
evidence of the greenhouse effect is real (been real since 1800s)
2. Atmospheric concentrations of climate pollutants are
increasing
3. Climate is changing (climate isn't weather)
3 ingredients for forest fire Correct Answers 1. Fuel: type,
moisture
2. Ignition: human activity or lighting
3. Weather: dry, windy and hot
3 key ideas in EXposure assesments Correct Answers 1.
Concentrations vary from time to time (ex. day to day):
Temporal variation
2. Concentrations vary from place to place: Spacial variation
,3. Ppl move around: Need to know WHERE ppl are at time in
place
3 keys ideas to epidemiology Correct Answers 1. Not everyone
who's exposed will get the disease
2. Not everyone who has teh disease got it from teh same
exposure of interest
3. Correlation isnt teh same as causation
4 steps to risk assesment Correct Answers 1. Hazard
identification 2. Exposure assessment 3. Dose-response
assessment 4. Risk Categorization
17 sustainable goals: focus on goal 11 Correct Answers
Sustainable cities and communities via better/safer housingm
sustainable and accessible transport, air and waste management
and increase in green spaces
A-weighing Correct Answers Adjusting the noise at different
frequencies to best characterize the risk of NIDL: WE DON'T
HAVE TO THINK ABOUT FREQUENCY, ALREADY BEEN
ADJUSTED FOR
- Puts emphasis on sounds that could more potentially damage
our ears (+1 for 1k-4k)
Express in dBA, use an a-weighing curve
Let's say worker 1 and 2 both have db 103, have to look at
frequencies to see which one has worse damage. If they were
both exposed to 103 dBA, then they have the same amount of
risk for hearing loss.
,Adverse effects of noise pollution Correct Answers 1. Noise
Induced hearing loss (NIHL):
2. Annoyance, nuisssance
3. Non-auditory effects:
- Sleep impairment
- CVD effects
- reproductive effects
- Cognitive/academic performance
Amplitude Correct Answers Loudness: The sound pressure
- Units = pascal but hard to measure so we use decibels
dB = converting to a more manageable scale compared to Pa
0dB is the very minimum sound pressure level that humans can
hear
Asbestos Correct Answers An umbrella term for 6 natural
occurring long, thin, fibrous silicate minerals with insulating
properties, which can cause cancer when inhaled.
ex. Chrysotic (white asbestos most used)
- Used for insulation, fireproofing, roof materials, etc (many
good properties)
BUT many health concerns
- Used in high income countries until 1970s
Asbestos exposures Correct Answers exposure to general
public low but high exposures to:
- Workers who disturb asbestos during rennovations, etc
- Those involved in asbestos abetment (removal, placement, etc)
- Emergency personnel present after asbestos building damage
- Residential exposures on worker's clothes
, Mostly concerned with the form of asbestos (dust/fibers) cuz it'll
become airborne
Asbestos in Canada Correct Answers We stopped using it early
but continued to produce it and sell it to other countries
- last asbestos factory closed in 2018 in Quebec
Balancing tradeoffs in Healthy Community Design Correct
Answers Look back at principles of community design
It's hard to have afforable housing, mixed land use and green
space cuz its expensive
Density is good but it cold increase pollution
GOtta balance tradeoffs
ex. Increase density, decrease length to transit
Benefits of air quality managemnt Correct Answers The
outcomes outweight costs- great investment, so many diseases
will get reduced
Best graph: "How many ppl die from___, at what age, how long
were they disabled by___ and how severe was it?" Correct
Answers Still limitations like upstream forces
Birth of Modern Env Justice Movement Correct Answers
North Carolina, 1980s:
The issue = PCBS (polychlorinated biphenyls) are persistent
pollutants that causes skin conditions, liver damage, endocrine
disrupters, carcinogen, etc
And gov wanted to place a waste disposal site in a small
predominant african american community where most residents
got their water from wells: Warren County
2 Key characteristics of sound Correct Answers 1.
Amplitude/Loudness; How big are peaks
2. Frequency/pitch: How quickly we're going from low to high
2 main supplies of water Correct Answers 1. Surface water:
Exposed to atmosphere, less desirable
ex. lakes, rivers, etc
2. Ground water: water in the ground, not exposed to
atmosphere, more desirable
ex. Aquifers
- 97% of earth is water! and 2/3 of fresh water is ice
-Less than 1% of fresh water found freely
3 critical facts of climate change Correct Answers 1. The
evidence of the greenhouse effect is real (been real since 1800s)
2. Atmospheric concentrations of climate pollutants are
increasing
3. Climate is changing (climate isn't weather)
3 ingredients for forest fire Correct Answers 1. Fuel: type,
moisture
2. Ignition: human activity or lighting
3. Weather: dry, windy and hot
3 key ideas in EXposure assesments Correct Answers 1.
Concentrations vary from time to time (ex. day to day):
Temporal variation
2. Concentrations vary from place to place: Spacial variation
,3. Ppl move around: Need to know WHERE ppl are at time in
place
3 keys ideas to epidemiology Correct Answers 1. Not everyone
who's exposed will get the disease
2. Not everyone who has teh disease got it from teh same
exposure of interest
3. Correlation isnt teh same as causation
4 steps to risk assesment Correct Answers 1. Hazard
identification 2. Exposure assessment 3. Dose-response
assessment 4. Risk Categorization
17 sustainable goals: focus on goal 11 Correct Answers
Sustainable cities and communities via better/safer housingm
sustainable and accessible transport, air and waste management
and increase in green spaces
A-weighing Correct Answers Adjusting the noise at different
frequencies to best characterize the risk of NIDL: WE DON'T
HAVE TO THINK ABOUT FREQUENCY, ALREADY BEEN
ADJUSTED FOR
- Puts emphasis on sounds that could more potentially damage
our ears (+1 for 1k-4k)
Express in dBA, use an a-weighing curve
Let's say worker 1 and 2 both have db 103, have to look at
frequencies to see which one has worse damage. If they were
both exposed to 103 dBA, then they have the same amount of
risk for hearing loss.
,Adverse effects of noise pollution Correct Answers 1. Noise
Induced hearing loss (NIHL):
2. Annoyance, nuisssance
3. Non-auditory effects:
- Sleep impairment
- CVD effects
- reproductive effects
- Cognitive/academic performance
Amplitude Correct Answers Loudness: The sound pressure
- Units = pascal but hard to measure so we use decibels
dB = converting to a more manageable scale compared to Pa
0dB is the very minimum sound pressure level that humans can
hear
Asbestos Correct Answers An umbrella term for 6 natural
occurring long, thin, fibrous silicate minerals with insulating
properties, which can cause cancer when inhaled.
ex. Chrysotic (white asbestos most used)
- Used for insulation, fireproofing, roof materials, etc (many
good properties)
BUT many health concerns
- Used in high income countries until 1970s
Asbestos exposures Correct Answers exposure to general
public low but high exposures to:
- Workers who disturb asbestos during rennovations, etc
- Those involved in asbestos abetment (removal, placement, etc)
- Emergency personnel present after asbestos building damage
- Residential exposures on worker's clothes
, Mostly concerned with the form of asbestos (dust/fibers) cuz it'll
become airborne
Asbestos in Canada Correct Answers We stopped using it early
but continued to produce it and sell it to other countries
- last asbestos factory closed in 2018 in Quebec
Balancing tradeoffs in Healthy Community Design Correct
Answers Look back at principles of community design
It's hard to have afforable housing, mixed land use and green
space cuz its expensive
Density is good but it cold increase pollution
GOtta balance tradeoffs
ex. Increase density, decrease length to transit
Benefits of air quality managemnt Correct Answers The
outcomes outweight costs- great investment, so many diseases
will get reduced
Best graph: "How many ppl die from___, at what age, how long
were they disabled by___ and how severe was it?" Correct
Answers Still limitations like upstream forces
Birth of Modern Env Justice Movement Correct Answers
North Carolina, 1980s:
The issue = PCBS (polychlorinated biphenyls) are persistent
pollutants that causes skin conditions, liver damage, endocrine
disrupters, carcinogen, etc
And gov wanted to place a waste disposal site in a small
predominant african american community where most residents
got their water from wells: Warren County
