BIO 201 EXAM 1 RIO SALADO CH:
1,2,3 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Anatomy - ANSWER-The study of body structure
Physiology - ANSWER-the study of how the body and its parts work together to
perform functions of life. study of physiology centers on the body's tendency toward
homeostasis.
Gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy) - ANSWER-Study of large structures, easily
observable and no microscope needed.
Microscopic Anatomy (Histology) (Cytology) - ANSWER-deals with structures too
small to be seen with the naked eye and a microscope is needed.
Histology- Study of tissues Ex: ( Connective tissue)
Cytology- Study of cells Ex: (Neurons)
Regional Anatomy - ANSWER-Study of interrelationships of specific regions of the
body such as the head or chest and shows hows the muscles, nerves and blood
vessels and other structures work together in that region.
Systemic anatomy - ANSWER-Is the study of the structures that make up a discrete
body system—that is, a group of structures that work together to perform a unique
body function. For example, a systemic anatomical study of the muscular system
would consider all of the skeletal muscles of the body.
Homeostasis - ANSWER-A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal
state of all living things; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as
blood glucose, around a particular level
Neurophysiology - ANSWER-Physiology of the nervous system ( Brain, Nerves,
Spinal cord work together to perform a function like movement, vision and thinking)
Molecular level- observing an electrochemical signal travels along nerves).
physiologist - ANSWER-A biologist who deals with the functions and vital processes
of living organisms
Name the six levels of organization of the human body - ANSWER-Cells ,
Organelles, Tissues, Organ, Organ Systems, Organism.
Name the the fundamental levels of an organism form smallest to largest. -
ANSWER-Sub anatomic particles, Atoms, Molecules, Organelles, Cells, Tissues,
Organs, Organ Systems, Organism.
,Cell - ANSWER-Is the smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism.
* All living structures of human anatomy contain cells, and almost all functions of
human physiology are performed in cells or are initiated by cells. Even bacteria have
cells.
Organelle - ANSWER-A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within
the cell
Tissue - ANSWER-Is a group of many similar cells (though sometimes composed of
a few related types) that work together to perform a specific function.
Organ - ANSWER-Is an anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two
or more tissue types.
*Each organ performs one or more specific physiological functions.
Organ System - ANSWER-group of organs that work together to perform a specific
function.
Name the 11 organ systems - ANSWER-1. Integumentary
2. Skeletal
3. Muscular
4. Nervous
5. Endocrine
6. Cardiovascular
7. Lymphatic/Immune
8. Respiratory
9. Digestive
10. Urinary
11. Reproductive
Integumentary system - ANSWER-Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair,
and nails
Function: Protects body from external structures, Has many sensory receptors and
sweat glands
Circulatory system - ANSWER-(aka cardiovascular system) This system works as
the transportation highway for the body. It consists of the heart, blood, and blood
vessels. It transports substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients in
the body and equalizes body temperature in the body.
lympathic system - ANSWER-The lymphatic system transports lymph (a fluid) using
lymph vessels, lymph nodes, lymph ducts, and various glands. The lymphatic system
is key for immunity, blood pressure regulation, digestion, AKA the drainage system
of the body, carrying excess fluid, proteins, fats, bacteria, and other substances
away from the cells and spaces between cells to be filtered, excreted, and recycled.
, respiratory system - ANSWER-A system of organs, functioning in the process of gas
exchange between the body and the environment, Removing co2 from the body and
brings in oxygen It's consisting especially of the nose, nasal passages, nasopharynx,
larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
Endocrine system - ANSWER-The endocrine system includes all the glands that
secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate body processes. ( Pancreas,
Pituitary glands)
Digestive System - ANSWER-esophagus, stomach, and intestines and Liver are all
part of the gastrointestinal system as well as the Vagus Nerve which helps slow
down bodily processes. The system also removes waste and effects metabolism.
Urinary system - ANSWER-kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra. These organs
work together to filter blood and remove toxins and waste from body tissues. The
removal of excess fluid through the urinary system also helps to regulate blood
pressure and keep a water balance.
Muscular System - ANSWER-Consists of skeletal muscles, tendons that connect
muscles to bones, and ligaments that attach bones together to form joint
3 Types: striated (skeletal or voluntary), smooth (visceral or involuntary) and cardiac
(heart muscle)
- Enables Movement with the help of bones and joints
- Helps maintain body temperature.
Skeletal system - ANSWER-Gives our bodies structure and protects major organs
like the heart, lungs, and brain,
- Enables movement with muscles
- Made up of bones and joints and cartilage
Nervous System - ANSWER-Includes the brain and spinal cord, plus all the nerves
that are connected to both of these organs.
Specialized sensory nerves ( proprioceptors / Muscles spindles and GTO )
CNS - Brain and Spinal Cord
PNS - Ganglia and nerve endings
Male reproductive system - ANSWER-Overall function is production of offspring.
Testes produce sperm and male sex hormone Testosterone, and male ducts and
glands aid in delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract.
Female reproductive system - ANSWER-Mammary glands, ovary, uterus, vagina,
uterine tube
- Carries offspring
- Produces estrogen and progesterone
- Produces Milk and mammary glands
1,2,3 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Anatomy - ANSWER-The study of body structure
Physiology - ANSWER-the study of how the body and its parts work together to
perform functions of life. study of physiology centers on the body's tendency toward
homeostasis.
Gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy) - ANSWER-Study of large structures, easily
observable and no microscope needed.
Microscopic Anatomy (Histology) (Cytology) - ANSWER-deals with structures too
small to be seen with the naked eye and a microscope is needed.
Histology- Study of tissues Ex: ( Connective tissue)
Cytology- Study of cells Ex: (Neurons)
Regional Anatomy - ANSWER-Study of interrelationships of specific regions of the
body such as the head or chest and shows hows the muscles, nerves and blood
vessels and other structures work together in that region.
Systemic anatomy - ANSWER-Is the study of the structures that make up a discrete
body system—that is, a group of structures that work together to perform a unique
body function. For example, a systemic anatomical study of the muscular system
would consider all of the skeletal muscles of the body.
Homeostasis - ANSWER-A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal
state of all living things; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as
blood glucose, around a particular level
Neurophysiology - ANSWER-Physiology of the nervous system ( Brain, Nerves,
Spinal cord work together to perform a function like movement, vision and thinking)
Molecular level- observing an electrochemical signal travels along nerves).
physiologist - ANSWER-A biologist who deals with the functions and vital processes
of living organisms
Name the six levels of organization of the human body - ANSWER-Cells ,
Organelles, Tissues, Organ, Organ Systems, Organism.
Name the the fundamental levels of an organism form smallest to largest. -
ANSWER-Sub anatomic particles, Atoms, Molecules, Organelles, Cells, Tissues,
Organs, Organ Systems, Organism.
,Cell - ANSWER-Is the smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism.
* All living structures of human anatomy contain cells, and almost all functions of
human physiology are performed in cells or are initiated by cells. Even bacteria have
cells.
Organelle - ANSWER-A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within
the cell
Tissue - ANSWER-Is a group of many similar cells (though sometimes composed of
a few related types) that work together to perform a specific function.
Organ - ANSWER-Is an anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two
or more tissue types.
*Each organ performs one or more specific physiological functions.
Organ System - ANSWER-group of organs that work together to perform a specific
function.
Name the 11 organ systems - ANSWER-1. Integumentary
2. Skeletal
3. Muscular
4. Nervous
5. Endocrine
6. Cardiovascular
7. Lymphatic/Immune
8. Respiratory
9. Digestive
10. Urinary
11. Reproductive
Integumentary system - ANSWER-Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair,
and nails
Function: Protects body from external structures, Has many sensory receptors and
sweat glands
Circulatory system - ANSWER-(aka cardiovascular system) This system works as
the transportation highway for the body. It consists of the heart, blood, and blood
vessels. It transports substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients in
the body and equalizes body temperature in the body.
lympathic system - ANSWER-The lymphatic system transports lymph (a fluid) using
lymph vessels, lymph nodes, lymph ducts, and various glands. The lymphatic system
is key for immunity, blood pressure regulation, digestion, AKA the drainage system
of the body, carrying excess fluid, proteins, fats, bacteria, and other substances
away from the cells and spaces between cells to be filtered, excreted, and recycled.
, respiratory system - ANSWER-A system of organs, functioning in the process of gas
exchange between the body and the environment, Removing co2 from the body and
brings in oxygen It's consisting especially of the nose, nasal passages, nasopharynx,
larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
Endocrine system - ANSWER-The endocrine system includes all the glands that
secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate body processes. ( Pancreas,
Pituitary glands)
Digestive System - ANSWER-esophagus, stomach, and intestines and Liver are all
part of the gastrointestinal system as well as the Vagus Nerve which helps slow
down bodily processes. The system also removes waste and effects metabolism.
Urinary system - ANSWER-kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra. These organs
work together to filter blood and remove toxins and waste from body tissues. The
removal of excess fluid through the urinary system also helps to regulate blood
pressure and keep a water balance.
Muscular System - ANSWER-Consists of skeletal muscles, tendons that connect
muscles to bones, and ligaments that attach bones together to form joint
3 Types: striated (skeletal or voluntary), smooth (visceral or involuntary) and cardiac
(heart muscle)
- Enables Movement with the help of bones and joints
- Helps maintain body temperature.
Skeletal system - ANSWER-Gives our bodies structure and protects major organs
like the heart, lungs, and brain,
- Enables movement with muscles
- Made up of bones and joints and cartilage
Nervous System - ANSWER-Includes the brain and spinal cord, plus all the nerves
that are connected to both of these organs.
Specialized sensory nerves ( proprioceptors / Muscles spindles and GTO )
CNS - Brain and Spinal Cord
PNS - Ganglia and nerve endings
Male reproductive system - ANSWER-Overall function is production of offspring.
Testes produce sperm and male sex hormone Testosterone, and male ducts and
glands aid in delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract.
Female reproductive system - ANSWER-Mammary glands, ovary, uterus, vagina,
uterine tube
- Carries offspring
- Produces estrogen and progesterone
- Produces Milk and mammary glands
