BIO 201 RIO SALADO EXAM 2
2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Describe the bones that make up the skull. - ANSWER-22 BONES OF THE SKULL
ALL ATTACH ONE ANOTHER. THE MANDIBLE IS THE ONLY FREE MOVING
Brain Case: 8 BONES - ANSWER-Parietal (1-2), Temporal (3-4), Occipital, Frontal,
Ethmoid, Spehnoid
Cranial Cavity - ANSWER-Interior space for brain. Top and sides are Flat. Bound via
calvaria (skull cap). Anterior Cranial fossa is smallest and increases to the posterior
Parietal Bone - ANSWER-Upper Lateral side. Two pairs
Temporal Bone - ANSWER-Lateral sides with several regions
Regions of the temporal bone - ANSWER-- Mastoid process: behind ear lobes
- Petrous Ridge: rouses middle and inner ear
- External Acoustic Meatus: ear canal/ large opening
- Internal Acoustic Meatus: Conneas middle ear and inner ear inside cannal
- Manibular Fossa: oval shaped hole on skull base that connects with
temporomandiublar joint = closing mandible
-Articular Tubercule: contributes to TMJ joint
- Syloid Process: bony attachment
- stylomastiod forramen: cranial nerve to facial muscles
Frontal bone - ANSWER-Forehead bone, has glabella between eyebrows
Occipital - ANSWER-The back of the skull
- External Occipital Protuberance
- Superior Nuchal Line: most superior point of muscle attachment
-Foramen Magnum: hole for spinal cord
- Occipital Condyle: Forms joints with cervical vert
Sphenoid - ANSWER-- Single and complex
-Runs through skull
-Lesser wings of sphenoid: marks line between cranial fossae
- sella turcica: Midline of middle fossa
- Hypophyseal Fossa: holds pit. glad
- Greater wings: anterior floor of mid fossa
-Medial Pteygoid Plate: walls of nasal cav
- lateral pteygoid: attachements for chewing muscles
Paranasal Sinus - ANSWER-Hollow and air filled. For resonance in voice.
- Frontal: Above eyebrows. fused or divided
, - Maxillary: biggest. paired. belllow orbitals, hard to drain
- Sphenoid: single, midline,, between eyes
- ethmoid air cells: sides of ethmoid, both eye area.
Hyoid - ANSWER-Independent bone. U shaped in upper neck. Base for tongue held
by muscles. Used to move tongue, larynx, pharynx for speaking and swallowing
What do all vertebrae possess? - ANSWER-transverse process and vertebral
foramen
Cervical Vertebrae - ANSWER-c1-c7,
Hold up head
have Atlas and Axis
upside down fish
Cervical Curve
C7 is long.
Atlas - ANSWER-C1, Supports head, No body or spinous process. Ring shape
axis - ANSWER-For L and R rotation with Dens (point)
Thoracic vertebrae - ANSWER-T1-T-12
Longer than Cervical with spinous points down
Has a costal facet for rib attachment
Ethmoid - ANSWER-Single midline bone
- Roof and walls of upper nasal cavity
--Crista galli: attachment
- medial walls of orbit
- Cribform plate: olfactory foramin to brain
Coronal Suture - ANSWER-Frontal and partial
sagital suture - ANSWER-Parietal and parietal
lamboid - ANSWER-upside down V. Occipital to Parietal
squamous - ANSWER-lateral temporal + parietal on side
pterion - ANSWER-front, pariteal,, greater wing of spehnoid, weakest part
Facial bones - ANSWER-Orbit, jaw, nasal, = 14 bones. 6 pairs and 2 unpaired
Maxillary - ANSWER-Upper jaw, hard palate, medial orbit floor. Lateral nose base
Alevolar Process - ANSWER-Upper jaw and holds top teeth
Pallatine - ANSWER-Pair that contributes to lateral nasal cavity walls and medial
walls of orbit. Back of throat area
2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Describe the bones that make up the skull. - ANSWER-22 BONES OF THE SKULL
ALL ATTACH ONE ANOTHER. THE MANDIBLE IS THE ONLY FREE MOVING
Brain Case: 8 BONES - ANSWER-Parietal (1-2), Temporal (3-4), Occipital, Frontal,
Ethmoid, Spehnoid
Cranial Cavity - ANSWER-Interior space for brain. Top and sides are Flat. Bound via
calvaria (skull cap). Anterior Cranial fossa is smallest and increases to the posterior
Parietal Bone - ANSWER-Upper Lateral side. Two pairs
Temporal Bone - ANSWER-Lateral sides with several regions
Regions of the temporal bone - ANSWER-- Mastoid process: behind ear lobes
- Petrous Ridge: rouses middle and inner ear
- External Acoustic Meatus: ear canal/ large opening
- Internal Acoustic Meatus: Conneas middle ear and inner ear inside cannal
- Manibular Fossa: oval shaped hole on skull base that connects with
temporomandiublar joint = closing mandible
-Articular Tubercule: contributes to TMJ joint
- Syloid Process: bony attachment
- stylomastiod forramen: cranial nerve to facial muscles
Frontal bone - ANSWER-Forehead bone, has glabella between eyebrows
Occipital - ANSWER-The back of the skull
- External Occipital Protuberance
- Superior Nuchal Line: most superior point of muscle attachment
-Foramen Magnum: hole for spinal cord
- Occipital Condyle: Forms joints with cervical vert
Sphenoid - ANSWER-- Single and complex
-Runs through skull
-Lesser wings of sphenoid: marks line between cranial fossae
- sella turcica: Midline of middle fossa
- Hypophyseal Fossa: holds pit. glad
- Greater wings: anterior floor of mid fossa
-Medial Pteygoid Plate: walls of nasal cav
- lateral pteygoid: attachements for chewing muscles
Paranasal Sinus - ANSWER-Hollow and air filled. For resonance in voice.
- Frontal: Above eyebrows. fused or divided
, - Maxillary: biggest. paired. belllow orbitals, hard to drain
- Sphenoid: single, midline,, between eyes
- ethmoid air cells: sides of ethmoid, both eye area.
Hyoid - ANSWER-Independent bone. U shaped in upper neck. Base for tongue held
by muscles. Used to move tongue, larynx, pharynx for speaking and swallowing
What do all vertebrae possess? - ANSWER-transverse process and vertebral
foramen
Cervical Vertebrae - ANSWER-c1-c7,
Hold up head
have Atlas and Axis
upside down fish
Cervical Curve
C7 is long.
Atlas - ANSWER-C1, Supports head, No body or spinous process. Ring shape
axis - ANSWER-For L and R rotation with Dens (point)
Thoracic vertebrae - ANSWER-T1-T-12
Longer than Cervical with spinous points down
Has a costal facet for rib attachment
Ethmoid - ANSWER-Single midline bone
- Roof and walls of upper nasal cavity
--Crista galli: attachment
- medial walls of orbit
- Cribform plate: olfactory foramin to brain
Coronal Suture - ANSWER-Frontal and partial
sagital suture - ANSWER-Parietal and parietal
lamboid - ANSWER-upside down V. Occipital to Parietal
squamous - ANSWER-lateral temporal + parietal on side
pterion - ANSWER-front, pariteal,, greater wing of spehnoid, weakest part
Facial bones - ANSWER-Orbit, jaw, nasal, = 14 bones. 6 pairs and 2 unpaired
Maxillary - ANSWER-Upper jaw, hard palate, medial orbit floor. Lateral nose base
Alevolar Process - ANSWER-Upper jaw and holds top teeth
Pallatine - ANSWER-Pair that contributes to lateral nasal cavity walls and medial
walls of orbit. Back of throat area
