Nightingale College Pathophysiology Midterm EXAM (updated 2026)
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Pathophysiology - (answer)The study of the underlying changes in body physiology (molecular, cellular,
and organ systems) that result from disease or injury.
Pathology - (answer)The investigation of structural alterations in cells, tissues, and organs, which can
help identify the cause of a particular disease.
Diagnosis - (answer)The naming or identification of a disease - is made from an evaluation of the
evidence accumulated from the presenting signs and symptoms, health and medical history, physical
examination, laboratory tests, and imaging.
Etiology - (answer)The study of the CAUSE of disease
Epidemiology - (answer)The study of tracking patterns or disease occurrence and transmission among
populations and by geographic areas
Nucleus - (answer)Controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g., growth and metabolism) and
carries the genes, structures that contain the hereditary information
Cytoplasm - (answer)An aqueous solution. The medium for chemical reaction. It provides a platform
upon which other organelles can operate within the cell. All of the functions for cell expansion, growth
and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of a cell.
Ribosomes - (answer)Provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - (answer)Specializes in synthesis, folding, and transport of protein and lipid
components of most organelles. A new role is sensing cellular stress.
, Nightingale College Pathophysiology Midterm EXAM (updated 2026)
Questions & Answers | With 100% Correct Answers graded A+ Guaranteed
Success!!
Golgi apparatus - (answer)Responsible for processing and packaging proteins onto secretory vesicles
that break away from the complex and migrate to various intracellular and extracellular destinations,
including plasma membrane.
Lysosomes - (answer)Contain enzymes for digesting most cellular substances to their basic form, such as
amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates (sugars).
Peroxisomes - (answer)Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other
harmful chemicals
Mitochondria - (answer)Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
Cytoskeleton - (answer)Network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its
shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement
Plasma Membrane - (answer)The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective
barrier, thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.
Signaling processes - (answer)1. They display plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules (receptors)
that affect the cell itself and other cells in direct physical contact
2. They affect receptor proteins inside the target cell and the signal molecule has to enter the cell to
bind to them
3. They form protein channels (gap junctions) that directly coordinate the activities of adjacent cells
Questions & Answers | With 100% Correct Answers graded A+ Guaranteed
Success!!
Pathophysiology - (answer)The study of the underlying changes in body physiology (molecular, cellular,
and organ systems) that result from disease or injury.
Pathology - (answer)The investigation of structural alterations in cells, tissues, and organs, which can
help identify the cause of a particular disease.
Diagnosis - (answer)The naming or identification of a disease - is made from an evaluation of the
evidence accumulated from the presenting signs and symptoms, health and medical history, physical
examination, laboratory tests, and imaging.
Etiology - (answer)The study of the CAUSE of disease
Epidemiology - (answer)The study of tracking patterns or disease occurrence and transmission among
populations and by geographic areas
Nucleus - (answer)Controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g., growth and metabolism) and
carries the genes, structures that contain the hereditary information
Cytoplasm - (answer)An aqueous solution. The medium for chemical reaction. It provides a platform
upon which other organelles can operate within the cell. All of the functions for cell expansion, growth
and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of a cell.
Ribosomes - (answer)Provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - (answer)Specializes in synthesis, folding, and transport of protein and lipid
components of most organelles. A new role is sensing cellular stress.
, Nightingale College Pathophysiology Midterm EXAM (updated 2026)
Questions & Answers | With 100% Correct Answers graded A+ Guaranteed
Success!!
Golgi apparatus - (answer)Responsible for processing and packaging proteins onto secretory vesicles
that break away from the complex and migrate to various intracellular and extracellular destinations,
including plasma membrane.
Lysosomes - (answer)Contain enzymes for digesting most cellular substances to their basic form, such as
amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates (sugars).
Peroxisomes - (answer)Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other
harmful chemicals
Mitochondria - (answer)Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
Cytoskeleton - (answer)Network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its
shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement
Plasma Membrane - (answer)The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective
barrier, thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.
Signaling processes - (answer)1. They display plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules (receptors)
that affect the cell itself and other cells in direct physical contact
2. They affect receptor proteins inside the target cell and the signal molecule has to enter the cell to
bind to them
3. They form protein channels (gap junctions) that directly coordinate the activities of adjacent cells
