Page 1 of 201
ACUTE INFLAMMATION TEST
COMPLETE ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS (CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS) NEWEST UPDATED
VERSION |ALREADY GRADED A+
Question 1
Which of the following is the earliest vascular response in
acute inflammation?
A) Increased vascular permeability
B) Vasodilation
C) Endothelial cell contraction
D) Leukocyte emigration
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Answer: B Vasodilation occurs first (mediated by histamine
and nitric oxide), increasing blood flow and causing redness
(rubor) and heat (calor). Increased permeability follows later.
Question 2
The five cardinal signs of inflammation (Celsus’ signs +
Virchow) include all EXCEPT:
A) Calor
B) Rubor
C) Functio laesa
D) Anaphylaxis
Answer: D – Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction, not a
cardinal sign. The four classical signs are rubor (redness), tumor
(swelling), calor (heat), dolor (pain); functio laesa (loss of
function) was added later by Virchow.
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Question 3
Which plasma protein system generates bradykinin?
A) Complement system
B) Coagulation system
C) Kinin system
D) Fibrinolytic system
Answer: C – The kinin system produces bradykinin via action of
kallikrein on high-molecular-weight kininogen. Bradykinin
increases vascular permeability and causes pain.
Question 4
During acute inflammation, margination refers to:
A) Leukocytes adhering to endothelium
B) Leukocytes lining up along the endothelial wall
C) Leukocytes moving through vessel wall
D) Leukocytes moving toward chemotactic stimulus
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Answer: B Margination is the process where leukocytes
slow down and align along the endothelium due to altered
blood flow (RBCs move centrally, leukocytes move
peripherally).
Question 5
Which adhesion molecule mediates rolling of neutrophils on
endothelium? A) ICAM-1
B) VCAM-1
C) Selectins (P-selectin, E-selectin)
D) Integrins
Answer: C – Selectins mediate the initial weak rolling.
Pselectin (from Weibel-Palade bodies) and E-selectin (induced
on endothelium) bind to sialyl-Lewis X on leukocytes.
ACUTE INFLAMMATION TEST
COMPLETE ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS (CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS) NEWEST UPDATED
VERSION |ALREADY GRADED A+
Question 1
Which of the following is the earliest vascular response in
acute inflammation?
A) Increased vascular permeability
B) Vasodilation
C) Endothelial cell contraction
D) Leukocyte emigration
,Page 2 of 201
–
Answer: B Vasodilation occurs first (mediated by histamine
and nitric oxide), increasing blood flow and causing redness
(rubor) and heat (calor). Increased permeability follows later.
Question 2
The five cardinal signs of inflammation (Celsus’ signs +
Virchow) include all EXCEPT:
A) Calor
B) Rubor
C) Functio laesa
D) Anaphylaxis
Answer: D – Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction, not a
cardinal sign. The four classical signs are rubor (redness), tumor
(swelling), calor (heat), dolor (pain); functio laesa (loss of
function) was added later by Virchow.
,Page 3 of 201
Question 3
Which plasma protein system generates bradykinin?
A) Complement system
B) Coagulation system
C) Kinin system
D) Fibrinolytic system
Answer: C – The kinin system produces bradykinin via action of
kallikrein on high-molecular-weight kininogen. Bradykinin
increases vascular permeability and causes pain.
Question 4
During acute inflammation, margination refers to:
A) Leukocytes adhering to endothelium
B) Leukocytes lining up along the endothelial wall
C) Leukocytes moving through vessel wall
D) Leukocytes moving toward chemotactic stimulus
, Page 4 of 201
–
Answer: B Margination is the process where leukocytes
slow down and align along the endothelium due to altered
blood flow (RBCs move centrally, leukocytes move
peripherally).
Question 5
Which adhesion molecule mediates rolling of neutrophils on
endothelium? A) ICAM-1
B) VCAM-1
C) Selectins (P-selectin, E-selectin)
D) Integrins
Answer: C – Selectins mediate the initial weak rolling.
Pselectin (from Weibel-Palade bodies) and E-selectin (induced
on endothelium) bind to sialyl-Lewis X on leukocytes.
