NUR 631- FINAL EXAM ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ESSENTIALS QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
what is the function of the circulatory system?
-transportation of oxygen and nutrients
-removal of metabolic waste
oxygen dissociation shift to the right:
increase in carbon dioxide, acidosis or temperature increase, Hb given oxygen up to tissues more
readily
oxygen dissociation shift to the left:
decrease in CO2, alkalosis and temperature decrease, Hb wants to stay bound to oxygen
three layers of blood vessel:
intima, media, adventitia
capillaries are made of:
,single layer of endothelial cells
three types of capillaries:
continuous, fenestrated, sinusoids
lymphatic system v blood vessels:
lymphatic vessels are closed at one end, with a flap at one end
what is the purpose of the lymphatic system?
recycles fluids, puts interstitial fluids back into vessels
laplace's law is:
when the diameter of a blood vessel is wider the pressure increases, but needs more force
thoracic duct of lymphatic system dumps into:
subclavian veins
what is arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis?
hardening of the arteries
,atherosclerosis has to do with?
inflammatory process- look at CRP or ESR
first step in the process of atherosclerosis is....
injury to the endothelium (oxidative injury)
what lifestyle changes help prevent atherosclerosis?
cessation of smoking, veganism
HDL takes cholesterol from
peripheral tissues to the liver
LDL takes cholesterol from __ to __
liver to the peripheral tissues
Thromboangiitis obliterans is...
rare inflammatory condition affecting both small and medium size arteries and veins of the upper
and lower extremities
s/s of peripheral arterial disease:
, intermittent claudication (pain or cramping with activity), pain that occurs while at rest,
numbness and burning, hair loss, cold/blue extremities, pallor, wound healing impairment, pain
with leg elevation
what is hypertensive crisis?
aka malignant HTN, or an acute increase in blood pressure
what causes the SBP to increase?
BP = CO x SVR, an increase in either the CO or SVR
what is creatinine phosphate?
a high energy substance used in skeletal muscle contraction
what happens in phase zero of cardiac muscle contraction:
membrane potentials approach threshold and sodium channels open, sodium enters and
depolarizes the cell
an increased SVR will...
decrease blood flow
What is Raynaud syndrome: **
Extreme Vasoconstriction Producing Cessation Of Flow To The Fingers And Toes
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ESSENTIALS QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
what is the function of the circulatory system?
-transportation of oxygen and nutrients
-removal of metabolic waste
oxygen dissociation shift to the right:
increase in carbon dioxide, acidosis or temperature increase, Hb given oxygen up to tissues more
readily
oxygen dissociation shift to the left:
decrease in CO2, alkalosis and temperature decrease, Hb wants to stay bound to oxygen
three layers of blood vessel:
intima, media, adventitia
capillaries are made of:
,single layer of endothelial cells
three types of capillaries:
continuous, fenestrated, sinusoids
lymphatic system v blood vessels:
lymphatic vessels are closed at one end, with a flap at one end
what is the purpose of the lymphatic system?
recycles fluids, puts interstitial fluids back into vessels
laplace's law is:
when the diameter of a blood vessel is wider the pressure increases, but needs more force
thoracic duct of lymphatic system dumps into:
subclavian veins
what is arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis?
hardening of the arteries
,atherosclerosis has to do with?
inflammatory process- look at CRP or ESR
first step in the process of atherosclerosis is....
injury to the endothelium (oxidative injury)
what lifestyle changes help prevent atherosclerosis?
cessation of smoking, veganism
HDL takes cholesterol from
peripheral tissues to the liver
LDL takes cholesterol from __ to __
liver to the peripheral tissues
Thromboangiitis obliterans is...
rare inflammatory condition affecting both small and medium size arteries and veins of the upper
and lower extremities
s/s of peripheral arterial disease:
, intermittent claudication (pain or cramping with activity), pain that occurs while at rest,
numbness and burning, hair loss, cold/blue extremities, pallor, wound healing impairment, pain
with leg elevation
what is hypertensive crisis?
aka malignant HTN, or an acute increase in blood pressure
what causes the SBP to increase?
BP = CO x SVR, an increase in either the CO or SVR
what is creatinine phosphate?
a high energy substance used in skeletal muscle contraction
what happens in phase zero of cardiac muscle contraction:
membrane potentials approach threshold and sodium channels open, sodium enters and
depolarizes the cell
an increased SVR will...
decrease blood flow
What is Raynaud syndrome: **
Extreme Vasoconstriction Producing Cessation Of Flow To The Fingers And Toes
