APEX EKG TEST FINAL TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ what is the R wave?.
Answer: the first upward or positive deflection of the QRS complex after the
P wave and represents ventricular depolarization.
◍ What is the S wave?.
Answer: the downward or negative deflection that follows an R wave and
denotes the completion of ventricular depolarization.
◍ what is T wave?.
Answer: represents ventricular repolarization immediately following the
QRS. normal T waves will deflect in the same direction as the QRS.
◍ Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs).
Answer: Regularity: atrial rate regular, underlying ventricular rate is regular
except for the interrupting early beatRate: determined by the underlying
rhythmP wave: upright, smooth, round and uniform shape, EXCEPT at the
early beat it will be absent PRI : 0.12 to 0.20 seconds except for early beat
QRS: 0.06 to 0.10 seconds or normal, for the early beat its wide and bizarre
QTI: 0.36 to 0.46 seconds for normal beats T wave: normal except for early
beats
◍ Ventricular Tachycardia (LETHAL).
Answer: Regularity: usually regular Rate: 140 to 250 beats per minuteP
wave: Usually none seen, but dissociated from the QRS if presentPRI : none
QRS: > 0.12 seconds, wide and bizarre, tombstone like QTI: unable to
determine T wave: absent, usually buried in the QRS
◍ Torsades De Pointes (LETHAL).
, Answer: Big little big little, Twisting
◍ what is the U wave?.
Answer: denotes the final phase of ventricular repolarization. it is sometimes
seen as a small deflection after the T wave. the exact source and mechanism
of the U wave is unknown. Several theories include hypokalemia, delayed
repolarization of Purknje fibers, or bradycardia.
◍ What is a PR interval?.
Answer: this interval is measureed from the beginnning of the P wave to the
onset of the QRS complex. a normal PR interval ranges between 0.12
secinds to 0.2 seconds. the length of the PR interval signifies the measured
time if an electrical impulse traveling from the atria to the ventricles.
◍ what is the QRS complex?.
Answer: the QRS complex is measured from the start of the Q wave or from
the beginning of the R wave to the end of the S wave. normal QRS duration
should be less than 0.12 seonds, even if no Q wave is present. the length of
the QRS signifies the measured time of the electrical traveling through the
ventricles.
◍ Ventricular Fibrillation (LETHAL).
Answer: Regularity: indeterminable Rate: unable to measure, ventricles are
beating in excess of 400 beats per minuteP wave: none PRI : none QRS:
none QTI: none T wave: none There are NO waveforms only an irregular
wavy chaotic baseline
◍ What is the QT interval?.
Answer: the interval reflects both ventricular depolarization and
repolarization. a normal QT duration is >= 0.39 seconds to <=0.46 seconds.
the length of the QT interval signifies the time measured from the beginning
of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave. QT interval is dependent
upon heart rate.
◍ Idioventricular Rhythm (LETHAL).
Answer: Regularity: usually regularRate: 20 to 40 beats per minuteP wave:
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ what is the R wave?.
Answer: the first upward or positive deflection of the QRS complex after the
P wave and represents ventricular depolarization.
◍ What is the S wave?.
Answer: the downward or negative deflection that follows an R wave and
denotes the completion of ventricular depolarization.
◍ what is T wave?.
Answer: represents ventricular repolarization immediately following the
QRS. normal T waves will deflect in the same direction as the QRS.
◍ Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs).
Answer: Regularity: atrial rate regular, underlying ventricular rate is regular
except for the interrupting early beatRate: determined by the underlying
rhythmP wave: upright, smooth, round and uniform shape, EXCEPT at the
early beat it will be absent PRI : 0.12 to 0.20 seconds except for early beat
QRS: 0.06 to 0.10 seconds or normal, for the early beat its wide and bizarre
QTI: 0.36 to 0.46 seconds for normal beats T wave: normal except for early
beats
◍ Ventricular Tachycardia (LETHAL).
Answer: Regularity: usually regular Rate: 140 to 250 beats per minuteP
wave: Usually none seen, but dissociated from the QRS if presentPRI : none
QRS: > 0.12 seconds, wide and bizarre, tombstone like QTI: unable to
determine T wave: absent, usually buried in the QRS
◍ Torsades De Pointes (LETHAL).
, Answer: Big little big little, Twisting
◍ what is the U wave?.
Answer: denotes the final phase of ventricular repolarization. it is sometimes
seen as a small deflection after the T wave. the exact source and mechanism
of the U wave is unknown. Several theories include hypokalemia, delayed
repolarization of Purknje fibers, or bradycardia.
◍ What is a PR interval?.
Answer: this interval is measureed from the beginnning of the P wave to the
onset of the QRS complex. a normal PR interval ranges between 0.12
secinds to 0.2 seconds. the length of the PR interval signifies the measured
time if an electrical impulse traveling from the atria to the ventricles.
◍ what is the QRS complex?.
Answer: the QRS complex is measured from the start of the Q wave or from
the beginning of the R wave to the end of the S wave. normal QRS duration
should be less than 0.12 seonds, even if no Q wave is present. the length of
the QRS signifies the measured time of the electrical traveling through the
ventricles.
◍ Ventricular Fibrillation (LETHAL).
Answer: Regularity: indeterminable Rate: unable to measure, ventricles are
beating in excess of 400 beats per minuteP wave: none PRI : none QRS:
none QTI: none T wave: none There are NO waveforms only an irregular
wavy chaotic baseline
◍ What is the QT interval?.
Answer: the interval reflects both ventricular depolarization and
repolarization. a normal QT duration is >= 0.39 seconds to <=0.46 seconds.
the length of the QT interval signifies the time measured from the beginning
of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave. QT interval is dependent
upon heart rate.
◍ Idioventricular Rhythm (LETHAL).
Answer: Regularity: usually regularRate: 20 to 40 beats per minuteP wave:
