Microbiology in Medicine and Biotechnology
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
Answers
Who discovered penicillin and Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.
when?
What was the first human trial of The first human trial of penicillin occurred during
penicillin during? the WW2 Blitz (1940-41) in London.
What is the overall aim of bioreactor To overcome the challenges of scaling up
design in microbial cultures? microbial cultures for commercial production.
What are primary metabolites? Compounds produced during the exponential
growth phase that are essential for growth.
What are secondary metabolites? Compounds produced during the stationary phase
that are non-essential for immediate survival.
What is the significance of the It is crucial for the production of primary or
Shikimic Acid Pathway? secondary metabolites in microbial cultures.
What factors must be controlled for Growth temperature, organism/strain,
effective microbial culture? carbon/nitrogen sources, essential metabolites,
pH, oxygen levels, and toxicity of products.
, What are some everyday Biofuels, food and beverages, pharmaceuticals,
bioproducts produced by microbes? agrichemicals, enzymes, and industrial chemicals.
What is the role of bioreactors in Bioreactors introduce oxygen or air to support
microbial culture? aerobic growth, while fermenters support
anaerobic growth.
What are some examples of primary Amino acids, organic acids, and vitamins.
metabolites?
What are some examples of Antibiotics, antitumor agents, and pigments.
secondary metabolites?
What is the canonical microbial Lag phase, exponential growth phase, stationary
growth phase sequence? growth phase, and death/decline phase.
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
Answers
Who discovered penicillin and Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.
when?
What was the first human trial of The first human trial of penicillin occurred during
penicillin during? the WW2 Blitz (1940-41) in London.
What is the overall aim of bioreactor To overcome the challenges of scaling up
design in microbial cultures? microbial cultures for commercial production.
What are primary metabolites? Compounds produced during the exponential
growth phase that are essential for growth.
What are secondary metabolites? Compounds produced during the stationary phase
that are non-essential for immediate survival.
What is the significance of the It is crucial for the production of primary or
Shikimic Acid Pathway? secondary metabolites in microbial cultures.
What factors must be controlled for Growth temperature, organism/strain,
effective microbial culture? carbon/nitrogen sources, essential metabolites,
pH, oxygen levels, and toxicity of products.
, What are some everyday Biofuels, food and beverages, pharmaceuticals,
bioproducts produced by microbes? agrichemicals, enzymes, and industrial chemicals.
What is the role of bioreactors in Bioreactors introduce oxygen or air to support
microbial culture? aerobic growth, while fermenters support
anaerobic growth.
What are some examples of primary Amino acids, organic acids, and vitamins.
metabolites?
What are some examples of Antibiotics, antitumor agents, and pigments.
secondary metabolites?
What is the canonical microbial Lag phase, exponential growth phase, stationary
growth phase sequence? growth phase, and death/decline phase.
