APHON PRACTICE EXAMINATION
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ How does cancer start?.
Answer: with one cell; one genetic mutation
◍ Arsenic trioxide major SE.
Answer: QT interval changes
◍ How are cyclins activated?.
Answer: When they are bound with a CDK enzyme
◍ What do cyclins do?.
Answer: stimulate the cell to go to the next phase
◍ Asparaginase ERWINIA and PEG-asparaginase major thing to watch for.
Answer: anaphylactic reactions
◍ What do CDK inhibitors do?.
Answer: prevent damaged cells from replicating
◍ If a patient has a prior reaction to PEG, then the new drug they will be given
is....
Answer: Asparaginase Erwinia
◍ Azacitidine must be completed within ____ of vial reconstitution.
Answer: 1 hour
◍ What is apoptosis?.
Answer: programmed cell death
◍ Bleomycin sulfate main SE (BLEO BUBBLES).
Answer: pulmonary fibrosis
, ◍ What is a natural cell death where the cell blebbs and is removed by
phagocytes?.
Answer: apoptosis
◍ Do cancer cells have apoptosis?.
Answer: no
◍ Patients should avoid scubadiving and situations where 100% O2 is
administered.
Answer: bleomycin sulfate
◍ What is the primary reason multiple chemotherapy agents are used to treat
cancer?.
Answer: resistance to single chemotherapy agents can develop
◍ Why do we use multiple chemotherapy agents?.
Answer: to overcome drug resistance and give a broader range of coverage
against naturally resistant tumor cells
◍ Drugs that cause Hemorrhagic Cystitis (2).
Answer: cyclophosphamide, busulfan
◍ Busulfan main SEs (6).
Answer: hyperbili, hemorrhagic cystitis, hyperpigmentation, seizures, SOS,
mucositis
◍ Carboplatin and Cisplatin are indicated for use on... (PLAT = plate).
Answer: solid tumors
◍ In the TNM staging system, what does the T stand for?.
Answer: primary Tumor size
◍ In the TNM staging system, what does the N stand for?.
Answer: presence or absence of lymph Node involvement
◍ Carboplatin major SEs (CARBO = A ROLE).
Answer: allergic rxn, renal tox, ototox, liver tox, electrolyte imbalances
◍ Carmustine main SE.
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ How does cancer start?.
Answer: with one cell; one genetic mutation
◍ Arsenic trioxide major SE.
Answer: QT interval changes
◍ How are cyclins activated?.
Answer: When they are bound with a CDK enzyme
◍ What do cyclins do?.
Answer: stimulate the cell to go to the next phase
◍ Asparaginase ERWINIA and PEG-asparaginase major thing to watch for.
Answer: anaphylactic reactions
◍ What do CDK inhibitors do?.
Answer: prevent damaged cells from replicating
◍ If a patient has a prior reaction to PEG, then the new drug they will be given
is....
Answer: Asparaginase Erwinia
◍ Azacitidine must be completed within ____ of vial reconstitution.
Answer: 1 hour
◍ What is apoptosis?.
Answer: programmed cell death
◍ Bleomycin sulfate main SE (BLEO BUBBLES).
Answer: pulmonary fibrosis
, ◍ What is a natural cell death where the cell blebbs and is removed by
phagocytes?.
Answer: apoptosis
◍ Do cancer cells have apoptosis?.
Answer: no
◍ Patients should avoid scubadiving and situations where 100% O2 is
administered.
Answer: bleomycin sulfate
◍ What is the primary reason multiple chemotherapy agents are used to treat
cancer?.
Answer: resistance to single chemotherapy agents can develop
◍ Why do we use multiple chemotherapy agents?.
Answer: to overcome drug resistance and give a broader range of coverage
against naturally resistant tumor cells
◍ Drugs that cause Hemorrhagic Cystitis (2).
Answer: cyclophosphamide, busulfan
◍ Busulfan main SEs (6).
Answer: hyperbili, hemorrhagic cystitis, hyperpigmentation, seizures, SOS,
mucositis
◍ Carboplatin and Cisplatin are indicated for use on... (PLAT = plate).
Answer: solid tumors
◍ In the TNM staging system, what does the T stand for?.
Answer: primary Tumor size
◍ In the TNM staging system, what does the N stand for?.
Answer: presence or absence of lymph Node involvement
◍ Carboplatin major SEs (CARBO = A ROLE).
Answer: allergic rxn, renal tox, ototox, liver tox, electrolyte imbalances
◍ Carmustine main SE.
