APHY 102 ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY II TEST BANK 2026
TESTED QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉ Hormone. Answer: Chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured
by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect
another
◉ Hormone classification. Answer: Peptides (insulin glycagon), steroids
(corticoids, testosterone, estrogen), and amino acid derivatives (thyroid
hormones)
◉ endocrine signaling. Answer: secreted molecules diffuse into the
bloodstream and trigger responses in target cells anywhere in the body
◉ hydrophilic hormones. Answer: -Water soluble hormones
-Cannot cross the membrane
-Rely on membrane receptor activation
-Membrane proteins produce second messengers
◉ hydrophobic hormones. Answer: -penetrate plasma membrane and
enter nucleus
-act directly on the genes changing target cell physiology
-estrogen, progesterone, thyroid hormone act on nuclear receptors
, -take several hours to days to show effect due to lag for protein synthesis
◉ secondary messengers. Answer: Messengers that relay signal
information from the receptor-ligand complex to the interior of the cell.
◉ To regulate the posterior pituitary, the hypothalamus releases this.
Answer: Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
◉ Growth hormone. Answer: hormone secreted by anterior pituitary
gland that stimulates growth of bones
◉ Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Answer: Stimulates adrenal
cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
◉ Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). Answer: stimulates secretion
from thyroid gland
◉ Prolactin. Answer: stimulates milk production in mammary glands
◉ antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Answer: Hormone produced by the
neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus that stimulates water
reabsorption from kidney tubule cells into the blood and
vasoconstriction of arterioles.
PHYSIOLOGY II TEST BANK 2026
TESTED QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉ Hormone. Answer: Chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured
by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect
another
◉ Hormone classification. Answer: Peptides (insulin glycagon), steroids
(corticoids, testosterone, estrogen), and amino acid derivatives (thyroid
hormones)
◉ endocrine signaling. Answer: secreted molecules diffuse into the
bloodstream and trigger responses in target cells anywhere in the body
◉ hydrophilic hormones. Answer: -Water soluble hormones
-Cannot cross the membrane
-Rely on membrane receptor activation
-Membrane proteins produce second messengers
◉ hydrophobic hormones. Answer: -penetrate plasma membrane and
enter nucleus
-act directly on the genes changing target cell physiology
-estrogen, progesterone, thyroid hormone act on nuclear receptors
, -take several hours to days to show effect due to lag for protein synthesis
◉ secondary messengers. Answer: Messengers that relay signal
information from the receptor-ligand complex to the interior of the cell.
◉ To regulate the posterior pituitary, the hypothalamus releases this.
Answer: Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
◉ Growth hormone. Answer: hormone secreted by anterior pituitary
gland that stimulates growth of bones
◉ Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Answer: Stimulates adrenal
cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
◉ Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). Answer: stimulates secretion
from thyroid gland
◉ Prolactin. Answer: stimulates milk production in mammary glands
◉ antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Answer: Hormone produced by the
neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus that stimulates water
reabsorption from kidney tubule cells into the blood and
vasoconstriction of arterioles.
