NR 328 Exam #2 Chamberlain
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What factor predisposes an infant to fluid imbalances?
a. Immature kidney functioning
b. Decreased surface area
c. Lower metabolic rate
d. Decreased daily exchange of extracellular fluid - Answer: Answer: A
,Rationale: The infant's kidneys are functionally immature at birth and
are inefficient in excreting waste products of metabolism. Infants have
a relatively high body surface area (BSA) compared with adults. This
allows a higher loss of fluid to the environment. A higher metabolic rate
is present as a result of the higher BSA in relation to active metabolic
tissue. The higher metabolic rate increases heat production, which
results in greater insensible water loss. Infants have a greater exchange
of extracellular fluid, leaving them with a reduced fluid reserve in
conditions of dehydration.
What is the required number of milliliters of fluid needed per day for a
14 kg child?
a. 1200
b. 1100
c. 1300
d. 1400 - Answer: Answer: A
Rationale: For the first 10 kg of body weight, a child requires 100 mL/kg.
For each additional kilogram of body weight, an extra 50 mL is needed.
10 kg ´ 100 mL/kg/day = 1000 mL
4 kg ´ 50 mL/kg/day = 200 mL
1000 mL + 200 mL = 1200 ml/day
800 to 1000 mL is too little; 1400 mL is too much.
,An infant is brought to the emergency department with the following
clinical manifestations: poor skin turgor, weight loss, lethargy,
tachycardia, and tachypnea. This is suggestive of which situation?
a. Water depletion
b. Water excess
c. Potassium excess
d. Sodium depletion - Answer: Answer: A
Rationale: These clinical manifestations indicate water depletion or
dehydration. Edema and weight gain occur with water excess or over-
hydration. Sodium or potassium excess would not cause these
symptoms.
What explains physiologically the edema formation that occurs with
burns?
a. Increased capillary permeability
b. Decreased capillary permeability
c. Vasoconstriction
d. Diminished hydrostatic pressure within capillaries - Answer:
Answer: A
Rationale: With a major burn, capillary permeability increases, allowing
plasma proteins, fluids, and electrolytes to be lost into the interstitial
space, causing edema. Maximum edema in a small wound occurs about
8 to 12 hr after injury. In larger injuries, the maximum edema may not
, occur until 18 to 24 hr later. Vasodilation occurs, causing an increase in
hydrostatic pressure.
What is the most immediate threat to life in children with thermal
injuries?
a. Shock
b. Anemia
c. Local infection
d. Systemic sepsis - Answer: Answer: A
Rationale: The immediate threat to life in children with thermal injuries
is airway compromise and profound shock. Anemia is not of immediate
concern. During the healing phase, local infection or sepsis is the
primary complication.
After the acute stage and during the healing process, what is the
primary complication from burn injury?
a. Infection
b. Shock
c. Renal shutdown
d. Asphyxia - Answer: Answer: A
Rationale: During the healing phase, local infection or sepsis is the
primary complication. Respiratory problems, primarily airway
University Comprehensive
Questions (Frequently Tested) with
Verified Answers Graded A+
Professional Academic Assistance Services
Services Offered
• Proctored Exam Assistance
• Online Class Management (Full Course Support)
• Exam Preparation & Study Materials
• Assignments and Coursework Support
• Essay and Research Paper Writing
• Discussion Posts & Responses
• Editing and Proofreading
• Confidential Academic Consultation
Helping Students Achieve Academic Excellence
What factor predisposes an infant to fluid imbalances?
a. Immature kidney functioning
b. Decreased surface area
c. Lower metabolic rate
d. Decreased daily exchange of extracellular fluid - Answer: Answer: A
,Rationale: The infant's kidneys are functionally immature at birth and
are inefficient in excreting waste products of metabolism. Infants have
a relatively high body surface area (BSA) compared with adults. This
allows a higher loss of fluid to the environment. A higher metabolic rate
is present as a result of the higher BSA in relation to active metabolic
tissue. The higher metabolic rate increases heat production, which
results in greater insensible water loss. Infants have a greater exchange
of extracellular fluid, leaving them with a reduced fluid reserve in
conditions of dehydration.
What is the required number of milliliters of fluid needed per day for a
14 kg child?
a. 1200
b. 1100
c. 1300
d. 1400 - Answer: Answer: A
Rationale: For the first 10 kg of body weight, a child requires 100 mL/kg.
For each additional kilogram of body weight, an extra 50 mL is needed.
10 kg ´ 100 mL/kg/day = 1000 mL
4 kg ´ 50 mL/kg/day = 200 mL
1000 mL + 200 mL = 1200 ml/day
800 to 1000 mL is too little; 1400 mL is too much.
,An infant is brought to the emergency department with the following
clinical manifestations: poor skin turgor, weight loss, lethargy,
tachycardia, and tachypnea. This is suggestive of which situation?
a. Water depletion
b. Water excess
c. Potassium excess
d. Sodium depletion - Answer: Answer: A
Rationale: These clinical manifestations indicate water depletion or
dehydration. Edema and weight gain occur with water excess or over-
hydration. Sodium or potassium excess would not cause these
symptoms.
What explains physiologically the edema formation that occurs with
burns?
a. Increased capillary permeability
b. Decreased capillary permeability
c. Vasoconstriction
d. Diminished hydrostatic pressure within capillaries - Answer:
Answer: A
Rationale: With a major burn, capillary permeability increases, allowing
plasma proteins, fluids, and electrolytes to be lost into the interstitial
space, causing edema. Maximum edema in a small wound occurs about
8 to 12 hr after injury. In larger injuries, the maximum edema may not
, occur until 18 to 24 hr later. Vasodilation occurs, causing an increase in
hydrostatic pressure.
What is the most immediate threat to life in children with thermal
injuries?
a. Shock
b. Anemia
c. Local infection
d. Systemic sepsis - Answer: Answer: A
Rationale: The immediate threat to life in children with thermal injuries
is airway compromise and profound shock. Anemia is not of immediate
concern. During the healing phase, local infection or sepsis is the
primary complication.
After the acute stage and during the healing process, what is the
primary complication from burn injury?
a. Infection
b. Shock
c. Renal shutdown
d. Asphyxia - Answer: Answer: A
Rationale: During the healing phase, local infection or sepsis is the
primary complication. Respiratory problems, primarily airway
