WGU D514 Analytical Methods of Healthcare
Leaders Exam Graded A+ 2026
ANOVA test -Correct Answer ✔-Analysis of variance (ANOVA) may be used in
research studies where there are two or more groups to compare.
Chi-square tests -Correct Answer ✔-Chi-square tests determine if an association
exists between two categorical variables.
Control group -Correct Answer ✔-In a healthcare environment, this group of
patients does not receive the treatment that is being studied.
Experimental group -Correct Answer ✔-This group of patients receives the
treatment being studied with follow-up observation to determine the effect of the
treatment.
F-test -Correct Answer ✔-The F-test is designed to test if two population variances
are equal. The ratio of the two variances is compared. If they are equal, the ratio
of the variances will be 1.
Frequency -Correct Answer ✔-Frequencies measure how often a particular value
occurs to assess the importance of a value or check the variation of the values in a
study.
Hypothesis -Correct Answer ✔-A proposed explanation for an observation that
leads to a prediction. Through investigation and the use of statistical data, those
doing the study will either confirm or reject the hypothesis. Testing the hypothesis
will show if there is a link (or not) between two or more variables.
Integrity -Correct Answer ✔-Research always makes some assumptions,
depending on the type of method used. Research assumptions must be identified
to determine possible breaches of integrity.
,Interval data -Correct Answer ✔-Interval data includes units of equal size, such as
IQ results. There is no zero point. An example of interval scale is time: Time is
measured in 24 hours in each day; the time between each hour is the same, 60
minutes.
Mean -Correct Answer ✔-Mean is the arithmetic average. Divide the sum of all
scores by the total number of scores.
Median -Correct Answer ✔-Median is the midpoint of the distribution of values,
or the point above or below which 50 percent of the values fall.
Methods section components -Correct Answer ✔-When analyzing the quality of a
study, a careful evaluation of the research methods can reveal critical details
about population and sample, covariables and hypothesis, data presentation,
statistical analysis, and study limitations.
Misleading statistics -Correct Answer ✔-Interpreting and presenting the results of
data analysis affords many opportunities for accidental or deliberate
misrepresentations of data. Common examples include implying causation,
extrapolating beyond the reasonable, relying on a biased or incomplete sample,
and using inappropriate graphical representations.
Mode -Correct Answer ✔-Mode is the value that occurs most frequently in the
data.
Multivariate regression analyses -Correct Answer ✔-Multivariate regression
analyses can be used to analyze and adjust risk. This analysis model contrasts each
measured factor to the patient's risk of a particular outcome.
Nominal data -Correct Answer ✔-Nominal data can be measured as a frequency
or percentage, and the mean of these data cannot be calculated. Nominal data in
healthcare might include demographic information about patients. The word
nominal means "pertaining to a name."
, Ordinal data -Correct Answer ✔-Ordinal data can be measured as a frequency, and
the mean of ordinal data is often calculated. Ordinal data in healthcare might
include patient satisfaction surveys using a Likert scale. The word ordinal means to
"put in order."
Parametric and nonparametric tests -Correct Answer ✔-Parametric tests are
based on probability distributions. Nonparametric tests are used when data are
not normally distributed.
Pearson's correlation -Correct Answer ✔-Pearson's correlation is used with
interval and ordinal scale data and determines the extent to which a change in
one variable tends to be associated with a change in another.
Qualitative research methods -Correct Answer ✔-Qualitative research is aimed at
understanding perceptions, perspectives, interpretations, and opinions.
Qualitative research methods often include questionnaires, interviews, written
documents, observations, and focus groups.
Ratio data -Correct Answer ✔-Divide one quantity by another, and you have a
value. You will have a proportion, a percentage or a rate.
Reliability, validity, and analysis of questionnaires -Correct Answer ✔-
Questionnaires can be evaluated for reliability based on their consistency
(stability) or repeatability over time; questionnaires are valid if they measure or
record what they purport to measure. Data from questionnaires may then be
grouped according to nominal, ordinal, or interval or ratio data.
Research -Correct Answer ✔-Research can inform decisions regarding the
development and efficacy of new processes, systems, technologies, environments,
and organizational structures to support operations.
Research platform -Correct Answer ✔-Research is built on a platform of previous
knowledge, the scientific method.
Leaders Exam Graded A+ 2026
ANOVA test -Correct Answer ✔-Analysis of variance (ANOVA) may be used in
research studies where there are two or more groups to compare.
Chi-square tests -Correct Answer ✔-Chi-square tests determine if an association
exists between two categorical variables.
Control group -Correct Answer ✔-In a healthcare environment, this group of
patients does not receive the treatment that is being studied.
Experimental group -Correct Answer ✔-This group of patients receives the
treatment being studied with follow-up observation to determine the effect of the
treatment.
F-test -Correct Answer ✔-The F-test is designed to test if two population variances
are equal. The ratio of the two variances is compared. If they are equal, the ratio
of the variances will be 1.
Frequency -Correct Answer ✔-Frequencies measure how often a particular value
occurs to assess the importance of a value or check the variation of the values in a
study.
Hypothesis -Correct Answer ✔-A proposed explanation for an observation that
leads to a prediction. Through investigation and the use of statistical data, those
doing the study will either confirm or reject the hypothesis. Testing the hypothesis
will show if there is a link (or not) between two or more variables.
Integrity -Correct Answer ✔-Research always makes some assumptions,
depending on the type of method used. Research assumptions must be identified
to determine possible breaches of integrity.
,Interval data -Correct Answer ✔-Interval data includes units of equal size, such as
IQ results. There is no zero point. An example of interval scale is time: Time is
measured in 24 hours in each day; the time between each hour is the same, 60
minutes.
Mean -Correct Answer ✔-Mean is the arithmetic average. Divide the sum of all
scores by the total number of scores.
Median -Correct Answer ✔-Median is the midpoint of the distribution of values,
or the point above or below which 50 percent of the values fall.
Methods section components -Correct Answer ✔-When analyzing the quality of a
study, a careful evaluation of the research methods can reveal critical details
about population and sample, covariables and hypothesis, data presentation,
statistical analysis, and study limitations.
Misleading statistics -Correct Answer ✔-Interpreting and presenting the results of
data analysis affords many opportunities for accidental or deliberate
misrepresentations of data. Common examples include implying causation,
extrapolating beyond the reasonable, relying on a biased or incomplete sample,
and using inappropriate graphical representations.
Mode -Correct Answer ✔-Mode is the value that occurs most frequently in the
data.
Multivariate regression analyses -Correct Answer ✔-Multivariate regression
analyses can be used to analyze and adjust risk. This analysis model contrasts each
measured factor to the patient's risk of a particular outcome.
Nominal data -Correct Answer ✔-Nominal data can be measured as a frequency
or percentage, and the mean of these data cannot be calculated. Nominal data in
healthcare might include demographic information about patients. The word
nominal means "pertaining to a name."
, Ordinal data -Correct Answer ✔-Ordinal data can be measured as a frequency, and
the mean of ordinal data is often calculated. Ordinal data in healthcare might
include patient satisfaction surveys using a Likert scale. The word ordinal means to
"put in order."
Parametric and nonparametric tests -Correct Answer ✔-Parametric tests are
based on probability distributions. Nonparametric tests are used when data are
not normally distributed.
Pearson's correlation -Correct Answer ✔-Pearson's correlation is used with
interval and ordinal scale data and determines the extent to which a change in
one variable tends to be associated with a change in another.
Qualitative research methods -Correct Answer ✔-Qualitative research is aimed at
understanding perceptions, perspectives, interpretations, and opinions.
Qualitative research methods often include questionnaires, interviews, written
documents, observations, and focus groups.
Ratio data -Correct Answer ✔-Divide one quantity by another, and you have a
value. You will have a proportion, a percentage or a rate.
Reliability, validity, and analysis of questionnaires -Correct Answer ✔-
Questionnaires can be evaluated for reliability based on their consistency
(stability) or repeatability over time; questionnaires are valid if they measure or
record what they purport to measure. Data from questionnaires may then be
grouped according to nominal, ordinal, or interval or ratio data.
Research -Correct Answer ✔-Research can inform decisions regarding the
development and efficacy of new processes, systems, technologies, environments,
and organizational structures to support operations.
Research platform -Correct Answer ✔-Research is built on a platform of previous
knowledge, the scientific method.
